Magnetic, surface, and corrosion properties of Ni-Fe-Pd thin films

Rice, Dale W.; Suits, J. C.; Nepela, D.; Tremoureux, R.

doi:10.1063/1.325817

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It was found that the dependence of 4πM e f f on the Pd content is not linear but first it exhibits an increase and then a decrease (Figure 17a). The increase in 4πM e f f is consistent with that observed in the earlier studies of Ni-Fe-Pd alloys [158], where this behaviour had been attributed to an increase in the concentration of FM species (Ni and Co) that effectively increases the saturation magnetisation of the material. The subsequent drop in 4πM e f f at around 63% of Pd content in Figure 17a was attributed to an effective decrease in the magnetic moment of Co caused by a lower magnetic moment of Ni.…”

Section: Nickel-cobalt-palladium Alloy Magneto-electronic Sensorssupporting

confidence: 90%

Magneto-Electronic Hydrogen Gas Sensors: A Critical Review

Maksymov

Kostylev

2022

Chemosensors

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Devices enabling early detection of low concentrations of leaking hydrogen and precision measurements in a wide range of hydrogen concentrations in hydrogen storage systems are essential for the mass-production of fuel-cell vehicles and, more broadly, for the transition to the hydrogen economy. Whereas several competing sensor technologies are potentially suitable for this role, ultra-low fire-hazard, contactless and technically simple magneto-electronic sensors stand apart because they have been able to detect the presence of hydrogen gas in a range of hydrogen concentrations from 0.06% to 100% at atmospheric pressure with the response time approaching the industry gold standard of one second. This new kind of hydrogen sensors is the subject of this review article, where we inform academic physics, chemistry, material science and engineering communities as well as industry researchers about the recent developments in the field of magneto-electronic hydrogen sensors, including those based on magneto-optical Kerr effect, anomalous Hall effect and Ferromagnetic Resonance with a special focus on Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR)-based devices. In particular, we present the physical foundations of magneto-electronic hydrogen sensors and we critically overview their advantages and disadvantages for applications in the vital areas of the safety of hydrogen-powered cars and hydrogen fuelling stations as well as hydrogen concentration meters, including those operating directly inside hydrogen-fuelled fuel cells. We believe that this review will be of interest to a broad readership, also facilitating the translation of research results into policy and practice.

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Section: Nickel-cobalt-palladium Alloy Magneto-electronic Sensorssupporting

confidence: 90%

Magneto-Electronic Hydrogen Gas Sensors: A Critical Review

Maksymov

Kostylev

2022

Chemosensors

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“…17(a)]. The increase in 4πM e f f is consistent with that observed in the earlier studies of Ni-Fe-Pd alloys [154], where this behaviour had been attributed to an increase in the concentration of FM species (Ni and Co) that effectively increases the saturation magnetisation of the material. The subsequent drop in 4πM e f f at around 63% of Pd content in Fig.…”

Section: Nickel-cobalt-palladium Alloy Magneto-electronic Sensorssupporting

confidence: 88%

Magneto-electronic hydrogen gas sensors: a critical review

Maksymov¹,

Kostylev²

2021

Preprint

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Devices enabling early detection of low concentrations of leaking hydrogen and precision measurements in a wide range of hydrogen concentrations in hydrogen storage systems are essential for the mass-production of fuel-cell vehicles and, more broadly, for the transition to the hydrogen economy. Whereas several competing sensor technologies are potentially suitable for this role, ultra-low fire-hazard, contactless and technically simple magneto-electronic sensors stand apart because they have been able to detect the presence of hydrogen gas in a range of hydrogen concentrations from 0.06% to 100% at atmospheric pressure with the response time approaching the industry gold standard of one second. This new kind of hydrogen sensors is the subject of this review article, where we inform the academic physics, chemistry, material science and engineering communities as well as industry researchers about the recent developments in the field of magneto-electronic hydrogen sensors, including those based on magneto-optical Kerr effect, anomalous Hall effect and Ferromagnetic Resonance with a special focus on Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) based devices. In particular, we present the physical foundations of magneto-electronic hydrogen sensors and we critically overview their advantages and disadvantages for applications in the vital areas of the safety of hydrogen-powered cars and hydrogen fuelling stations as well as hydrogen concentration meters, including those operating directly inside hydrogen-fuelled fuel cells. We believe that this review will be of interest to a broad readership, also facilitating the translation of research results into policy and practice.

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“…The early investigations of this alloy focused on its oxidation and atmospheric corrosion behavior [2][3][4][5][6] . Recently, studies of the…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The early investigations of this alloy focused on its oxidation and atmospheric corrosion behavior [2][3][4][5][6] . Recently, studies of the aqueous corrosion and pitting behavior of Permalloy have been reported 7,8 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pit Growth in NiFe Thin Films

Frankel

Dukovic

Brusić

et al. 1992

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Pit growth was studied in 80Ni-20Fe sputtered thin films by analysis of images of the growing pits. The pit current density was found to increase with pit growth potential until reaching a limiting value. The limiting current density increased with decreasing film thickness. The mass-transfer resistance to the active pit wall exceeds by an order of magnitude that predicted from a simple radial-diffusion model. It is suggested that the undercut, remnant passive film collapses over the pit wall causing a constriction. A voltage component calculation matches the data rather well and indicates that pit growth below the limiting current density is limited by a combination of ohmic, concentration, and surface activation considerations.The study of pitting in thin films is of interest because of differences in behavior compared to pitting in bulk alloys. Thin films often have different properties and certainly have more stringent requirements in terms of allowable material loss. Furthermore, thin films provide a unique opportunity for studying pit growth since the whole pit is visible during the growth process. As a result, no assumptions need be made regarding the active pit area during growth.Pits were previously shown to penetrate thin metallic films quickly and reach the substrate 1 . They grow subsequently in a two-dimensional fashion with walls perpendicular to the substrate. This initial study was performed on approximately 1500 Å thick Al films, and the average pit current density was calculated from images of the growing pits. The pit current densities were found to be large (tens of A/cm 2 ) and independent of time during pit growth. There was, however, an influence of pit growth potential. At the highest growth potentials, the pit current density was rather independent of potential, and the pits were very round in shape. At lower potentials, the pit current density varied approximately linearly with potential, and the pits were more irregular in shape. At the lowest growth potentials, the pit perimeters were extremely convoluted, and the calculated pit current density was again independent of potential, although the latter was determined to be an artifact of the calculation as discussed below. Pit growth was described to be under mass-transport control in the highest potential region and under mixed ohmic/charge-transfer control at lower potentials.The alloy studied in this work is Permalloy, a NiFe alloy. The early investigations of this alloy focused on its oxidation and atmospheric corrosion behavior [2][3][4][5][6] . Recently, studies of the

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Magnetic, surface, and corrosion properties of Ni-Fe-Pd thin films

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Magneto-Electronic Hydrogen Gas Sensors: A Critical Review

Magneto-Electronic Hydrogen Gas Sensors: A Critical Review

Magneto-electronic hydrogen gas sensors: a critical review

Pit Growth in NiFe Thin Films

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