Magnetic Template Anion Polyacrylamide–Polydopamine-Fe3O4 Combined with Ultraviolet/H2O2 for the Rapid Enrichment and Degradation of Diclofenac Sodium from Aqueous Environment

Abstract

In this study, a novel system was set up by preparing a magnetic flocculant combining with ultraviolet/H2O2 to realize the rapid enrichment and degradation of diclofenac sodium (DCFS). For the magnetic flocculant, template anion polyacrylamide (TAPAM) with anion micro-block structure was prepared. Thereafter, polydopamine was used to modify TAPAM, Fe3O4 nanoparticles was grafted to the modified TAPAM by chelation, named template anion polyacrylamide-polydopamine-Fe3O4 (TAPAM-PDA-Fe3O4). Furthermore, the TAPAM-PDA-Fe3O4 preparation protocol was optimized by the response surface method (RSM). In the DCFS enrichment section, the rapid separation of flocs from water was realized by an external magnetic field and it indicated that the π–π stacking effect was dominant in neutral/alkaline condition, whereas charge neutralization was favored in acidic conditions. Meanwhile, a DCFS enrichment kinetic curve was much fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and DCFS enrichment isothermal curve was close to the Freundlich isothermal model, indicating the dependence of DCFS quantity enriched by TAPAM-PDA-Fe3O4 and a multilayer heterogeneous enrichment process. The degradation experiment confirmed that DCFS was effectively degraded by ultraviolet/H2O2/TAPAM-PDA-Fe3O4 and the maximum value of DCFS degradation efficiency reached 98.1%. Furthermore, the regeneration experiment showed that the enrichment and degradation efficiency of DCFS could maintain a relatively high level in the initial three recycles.

A multibiomarker approach to assess the ecotoxicological effects of diclofenac on Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774)

“…The residues of diclofenac commonly occurred both in surface and drinking water all over the world (Acid and Mu 2003;Lonappan et al 2016;Hong et al 2018). At present, European Union (EU) enrolls DCF in Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) and lots of countries have put DCF in priority substances monitoring list of water policy (Sun et al 2020). The highest concentrations of DCF detected in surface waters of Pakistan (216 ng/L) and China (230 ng/L) and have exceeded the maximum permissible limit of DCF (0.1 μg/L) in EQS document (Ma et al 2016;Hanif et al 2020).…”

Polymeric Materials for Water and Wastewater Management

“…This Special Issue on “Polymeric Materials for Water and Wastewater Management”, we believe, succeeded to present such high-quality works and topics focusing on the latest novel wastewater processes using polymeric materials. This Special Issue consists of 11 works (9 research articles, 1 review paper, and 1 teaching note) from distinguished authors worldwide [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

“…In another study, Floros et al focused on enhancing the flux on hydrophobic polymeric membranes aimed for the direct contact membrane distillation desalination (DCMD) process without compromising salt rejection efficiency [ 3 ]. Sun et al investigated a novel system that was set up by preparing a magnetic flocculant combined with ultraviolet/H 2 O 2 to realize the rapid enrichment and degradation of diclofenac sodium (DCFS) [ 7 ]. Additionally, a composite chitosan/nano-activated carbon (CS-NAC) aminated by (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was prepared in the form of beads by Vakili et al and applied for the removal of acetaminophen from aqueous solutions [ 8 ].…”