Magnetic tunnel junctions using Co/Ni multilayer electrodes with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Lytvynenko, Yaryna; Deranlot, C.; Andrieu, S.; Hauet, Thomas

doi:10.1063/1.4906843

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…[1][2][3] Among these multilayers, because of their allferromagnetic nature and controllable magnetic anisotropy, Co=Ni multilayers are ideal magnetic electrode materials in spin-valve or magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). [4][5][6] Theoretical 7) and experimental studies 8) have shown that magnetic devices with PMA in both the reference and free layers are advantageous for achieving a low spin-transfer torque (STT) switching current and high thermal stability, which are the most pressing issues for the realization of high-density, highspeed STT-MRAMs. STT can also be used to drive domain walls in magnetic nanowires for novel storage applications such as magnetic shift register memory.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolution of magnetic properties and domain structures in Co/Ni multilayers

Jin

Wang

et al. 2016

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Co/Ni multilayers with different layer thicknesses and repetition numbers were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The films with appropriate Co and Ni layer thicknesses show strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The results of magnetic force microscopy indicate that the films show a maze domain in the demagnetization state and that the domain width decreases with increasing layer thickness and repetition number. The magnetostatic and domain wall energies of the film stack were calculated on the basis of an irregular maze domain pattern. The results suggest that the magnetostatic energy is the main reason for the variation of the domain width in Co/Ni multilayers.

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confidence: 99%

Evolution of magnetic properties and domain structures in Co/Ni multilayers

Jin

Wang

et al. 2016

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…Besides, [Co/Ni] has been researched as alternative PMA material and has been employed in p-MTJ because of its high spin polarization and low Gilbert damping constant [8][9][10][11] . Also, [Co/Ni] has been incorporated in an ultrathin SAF [12][13][14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed layer impact on structural and magnetic properties of [Co/Ni] multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Liu

Swerts

Devolder

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physics

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[Co/Ni] multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) have been researched and applied in various spintronic applications. Typically the seed layer material is studied to provide the desired facecentered cubic (fcc) texture to the [Co/Ni] to obtain PMA. The integration of [Co/Ni] in back-end-of-line (BEOL) processes also requires the PMA to survive post-annealing. In this paper, the impact of NiCr, Pt, Ru, and Ta seed layers on the structural and magnetic properties of [Co(0.3 nm)/Ni(0.6 nm)] multilayers is investigated before and after annealing. The multilayers were deposited in-situ on different seeds via physical vapor deposition at room temperature. The as-deposited [Co/Ni] films show the required fcc(111) texture on all seeds, but PMA is only observed on Pt and Ru. In-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA) is obtained on NiCr and Ta seeds, which is attributed to strain-induced PMA loss. PMA is maintained on all seeds after post-annealing up to 400 • C. The largest effective perpendicular anisotropy energy (K eff U ≈ 2 × 10 5 J/m 3 ) after annealing is achieved on NiCr seed. The evolution of PMA upon annealing cannot be explained by further crystallization during annealing or strain-induced PMA, nor can the observed magnetization loss and the increased damping after annealing. Here we identify the diffusion of the non-magnetic materials from the seed into [Co/Ni] as the major driver of the changes in the magnetic properties. By selecting the seed and post-annealing temperature, the [Co/Ni] can be tuned in a broad range for both PMA and damping.

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“…Among different modern preparation methods of thin-film structures, the alternate and co-deposition of ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic materials can be distinguished. At this, various methods like thermal evaporation, electron beam or magnetron deposition, laser lithography can be used [1][2][3][4]. Regardless of the chosen method, the physical properties of nanostructures will depend on technological conditions: a base pressure in a vacuum chamber, the composition of the residual atmosphere, type and temperature of a substrate, deposition rate, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoresistive Properties of Multilayer Film Systems Based on Permalloy and Silver

Pazukha

Shuliarenko

Dolgov-Gordiichuk

et al. 2021

Phys. Chem. Solid St.

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In this paper, the experimental investigation focuses on the magnetoresistive properties of nanosized film systems. Their structure changes from layered to granular due to transition from bilayer FM/NM (FM is a ferromagnetic material, NM is a nonmagnetic material) to [FM/NM]n multilayer film at a constant total thickness of samples. As ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic materials were chosen permalloy Ni80Fe20 (Py) and Ag, respectively. It was demonstrated that the shape of the field dependences of magnetoresistance depends on the number of bilayer Py/Ag. For as-deposited [Py/Ag]n/S at n = 8, 16, the transition from the antiferromagnetic ordering of magnetic moments to ferromagnetic one occurs under an external magnetic field. As a result, the resistivity of the samples reduced, and the giant magnetoresistive effect was realized. The increase of the number of bilayers repeats from 2 to 16 at the unchanged total thickness of the system leads to the growth of the magnetoresistance from 0.1 % to 0.35 %. During annealing up to 600 K, the magnetoresistive effect is reduced, but it does not disappear completely

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Magnetic tunnel junctions using Co/Ni multilayer electrodes with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Evolution of magnetic properties and domain structures in Co/Ni multilayers

Evolution of magnetic properties and domain structures in Co/Ni multilayers

Seed layer impact on structural and magnetic properties of [Co/Ni] multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Magnetoresistive Properties of Multilayer Film Systems Based on Permalloy and Silver

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