Magnetically actuated propellant orientation, controlling fluids in a low-gravity environment

Total magnetic force on a ferrofluid droplet in microgravity

“…These force densities are different from those expressed in Eqs. (10) and (11). If the resultant of these distributions is calculated according to the general expression Eq.…”

Magnetic retention of LO2 in an accelerating environment

“…Jackson [29] shows that the potential energy due to a magnetic field can be represented by the volume integral of the dot product of the magnetic intensity and the magnetic induction, B, Eq. (8). The relationship between the magnetic induction and magnetic intensity is shown in Eq.…”

“…Ground [7] and flight [8] experiments have demonstrated the control of magnetically susceptible liquids by magnetic fields. While these experiments provided valuable insight, the difficulties and expenses associated with a purely experimental approach limit the ability to collect sufficient data for evaluating the feasibility of MP 2 .…”

Microfluidics and Macrofluidics in Space: ISS-Proven Fluidic Transport and Handling Concepts

“…Another option could be to install a centrifuge on board, yet, centrifuges are known to be heavy, complex, expensive, and will most probably require maintenance during their lifetime, which makes this approach unsuitable for space. Other options for artificial body forces include but are not limited to the likes of electro-magnetic manipulation (Martin and Holt, 2000;Marchetta and Winter, 2010), or manipulating liquids acoustically (Oeftering et al, 2003;Marston and Thiessen, 2004). The last two methods seem viable but do require electronics and hardware, which can fail over time.…”