Magnetically-driven implantable pump for on-demand bolus infusion of short-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist

Implantable device actuated by manual button clicks for noninvasive self‐drug administration

“…The drug reservoir is made of a flexible polyurethane membrane, which is designed not to produce a negative pressure during drug consumption. 26 The refill port protrudes slightly, and is easily detected and localized on the thin skin layer above the implanted BCD. 33 Through this refill port, fresh drug solution can be injected into the drug container, using a tiny needle (31G), while the BCD is still implanted.…”

“…For this experiment, we employed a Type 1 diabetic animal model, streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. 26 , 28 To induce this animal model, Wistar rats were fasted overnight, and then intraperitoneally injected with a STZ solution (60 mg kg −1 ) prepared in 0.09 M citrate buffered saline (pH 4.0) to destroy the beta‐cells of the pancreas. Three days after the STZ injection, the plasma glucose level was measured with a glucometer, and the animals with a plasma glucose level > 400 mg dl −1 were screened for use.…”

Recent advances in mechanical force-responsive drug delivery systems

“… 134 As a next step, the magnetic pump was further improved by incorporating an actuator as the driver and reservoir with loading of exenatide. 135 Each plunger and barrel of the actuator was equipped with a magnet for actuation. The plunger and barrel were embedded with multiple magnets of different shapes and polarities like a keyhole.…”

“…The scale bars are 100 μm. (C) In vivo pharmacodynamic experiment of insulin changes caused by in vivo administration of exenatide-loaded magnetic response pump infusion per actuation with up to 300 consecutive actuations.Reproduced with permission 135. Copyright 2020, Elsevier.In short, the application of external magnetic force to control the navigation of DDS and on-demand release of drugs is a promising strategy.…”

Peptidyl and Non-Peptidyl Oral Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

“…ITCA650 is a mini-osmotic pump that continuously releases exenatide into subcutaneous tissue, thereby mimicking the effects of a longacting GLP-1 receptor agonist, and is free from compliance issues [14]. Of interest, a magnetically actuated implantable pump was proposed as a means to deliver exenatide to subcutaneous tissue on demand before a meal, thereby recapitulating postprandial GLP-1 secretion [15]. The magnetically actuated implantable pump produced promising results with efficacy comparable to that of subcutaneous injections in animal models, underscoring its potential as a viable therapeutic option in humans.…”