Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena

Pendry, J. B.; Holden, A.J.; Robbins, David J.; Stewart, William

doi:10.1109/22.798002

Cited by 7,967 publications

(4,909 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Discrete metallic nanorings have been studied in rather simple configurations as plasmonic resonators, but have not been able to produce negative permeability or negative indices 2,3,19,20 . We instead consider two layers of coupled rings as schematically shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inspired by the atomic orbiting current, metallic closed-ring structures were considered for artificial magnetic responses arising from the induced circulating current. The weak diamagnetism of the closed-ring structures prevents them from having effective permeability below zero, and hence negative indices of refraction 3 . By opening a small gap, the split-ring resonator exhibits a negative permeability due to the significantly enhanced inductancecapacitance resonance.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Symmetry breaking and optical negative index of closed nanorings

et al. 2012

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Metamaterials have extraordinary abilities, such as imaging beyond the diffraction limit and invisibility. Many metamaterials are based on split-ring structures, however, like atomic orbital currents, it has long been believed that closed rings cannot produce negative refractive index. Here we report a low-loss and polarization-independent negative-index metamaterial made solely of closed metallic nanorings. Using symmetry breaking that negatively couples the discrete nanorings, we measured negative phase delay in our composite 'chess metamaterial'. The formation of an ultra-broad Fano-resonance-induced optical negativeindex band, spanning wavelengths from 1.3 to 2.3 mm, is experimentally observed in this structure. This discrete and mono-particle negative-index approach opens exciting avenues towards symmetry-controlled topological nanophotonics with on-demand linear and nonlinear responses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Symmetry breaking and optical negative index of closed nanorings

et al. 2012

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“…Artificially engineered materials with specific EM properties, known as metamaterials [1,2], have been used to control the propagation of EM waves, and have recently 2 been applied to cloaking through transformation optics [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The invariance of Maxwell's equations under optical coordinate transformation allows the space around the object to be reshaped such that the light can propagate in the desired way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Carpet Cloak for Visible Light

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT:We report an invisibility carpet cloak device, which is capable of making an object undetectable by visible light. The cloak is designed using quasi conformal mapping and is fabricated in a silicon nitride waveguide on a specially developed nano-porous silicon oxide substrate with a very low refractive index. The spatial index variation is realized by etching holes of various sizes in the nitride layer at deep subwavelength scale creating a local effective medium index. The fabricated device demonstrates wideband invisibility throughout the visible spectrum with low loss. This silicon nitride on low index substrate can also be a general scheme for implementation of transformation optical devices at visible frequency. KEYWORDS:Optical metamaterials, invisibility cloak, optical transformation Invisibility cloaks, a family of optical illusion devices that route electromagnetic (EM) waves around an object so that the existence of the object does not perturb light propagation, are still in their infancy. Artificially engineered materials with specific EM properties, known as metamaterials [1,2], have been used to control the propagation of EM waves, and have recently 2 been applied to cloaking through transformation optics [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The invariance of Maxwell's equations under optical coordinate transformation allows the space around the object to be reshaped such that the light can propagate in the desired way. Such transformations usually require EM properties with extreme values that are only achievable in metallic metamaterials, and have been experimentally demonstrated for cloaking in microwave frequencies [9,10]. Due to the significant metallic loss at optical frequencies, the implementation of such cloaks for visible light has been difficult. Recently another innovative strategy was developed based on exploiting uniaxial crystals [11,12]. These devices have demonstrated cloaking in visible frequencies for a certain polarization of light based on intrinsic anisotropy in the crystals. As an alternative, conformal mapping, where an inverse transformation of the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability leads to a spatially variable refractive index profile [13], can be applied to isotropic dielectric metamaterials. While 3D conformal mapping leads to anisotropic index profiles [14], a 2D quasi conformal mapping (QCM) can be employed to minimize anisotropy. The 2D QCM is the basis for the carpet cloak [15], where the object is hidden under a reflective layer (the carpet). To achieve cloaking, the raised protrusion (the bump) created in the reflective layer is mapped to a flat plane and the resulting 2D index profile forms a carpet cloak device. In contrast to resonant optical structures [16,17], QCM carpet cloak provides a broadband loss-less design and may be invariably extended in the third direction with some limitations [18], experimentally demonstrated to operate for a range of viewing angles [19]. The relatively modest materials requirement from QCM enabled the implementation of the...

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“…[1][2][3][4] A split ring resonator (SRR) is one of the typical metamaterials structures. In order to extend its resonance bandwidth, terahertz metamaterials with resonance tunability were developed recently.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201104575mentioning

confidence: 99%