Magnetization switching process in a torus nanoring with easy-plane surface anisotropy

Vegas: Software package for the atomistic simulation of magnetic materials

“…In one of the simulations, the external magnetic field switches the magnetization of the torus nanoring producing a reverse vortex state (solid line), while in the other simulation, it does not switch the magnetization producing a vortex state (dashed line). This kind of behavior indicates that there is a switching probability which depends on the temperature range at which the external magnetic field is applied [8].…”

“…Because of the difficulty to solve by analytical approaches the partition function of systems represented by classical spin models, numerical simulations employing the Monte Carlo method are usually used to estimate the thermodynamic quantities of the systems. Magnetic properties of different systems, such as thin films [4], simple and core-shell nanoparticles [5,6], mixed spin systems [7], torus nanorings [8], nanotubes [9], bit-patterned media [10] and bulk materials [11,12] have been studied by Monte Carlo simulations. These atomistic simulations allow to take into account changes in the magnetization that occur at atomic scale and the finite size effects which are considerable in magnetic nanomaterials [13].…”