Magneto-optic transmittance modulation observed in a hybrid graphene–split ring resonator terahertz metasurface

Zanotto, Simone; Lange, Christoph; Maag, T.; Pitanti, Alessandro; Mišeikis, Vaidotas; Coletti, Camilla; Degl’Innocenti, Riccardo; Baldacci, Lorenzo; Huber, Rupert; Tredicucci, Alessandro

doi:10.1063/1.4931704

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the free space modulation scheme where the incident light penetrates and interacts with the material only once, the light–matter interaction is usually not strong enough for applications that require a relatively large modulation depth. To enhance the light–material interaction, the 2D material can be integrated with various resonant structures, such as metal plasmonic antenna arrays, Fano resonant structures ( Figure a,c), photonic crystal cavities, (Figure d) and metasurfaces (Figure f) . In these cases, the metal structures were designed to have a plasmonic or Fano resonance at mid‐infrared or THz wavelength.…”

Section: State Of the Art Of 2d Materials Optical Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2017

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Owing to their atomic layer thickness, strong light-material interaction, high nonlinearity, broadband optical response, fast relaxation, controllable optoelectronic properties, and high compatibility with other photonic structures, 2D materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus, have been attracting increasing attention for photonic applications. By tuning the carrier density via electrical or optical means that modifies their physical properties (e.g., Fermi level or nonlinear absorption), optical response of the 2D materials can be instantly changed, making them versatile nanostructures for optical modulation. Here, up-to-date 2D material-based optical modulation in three categories is reviewed: free-space, fiber-based, and on-chip configurations. By analysing cons and pros of different modulation approaches from material and mechanism aspects, the challenges faced by using these materials for device applications are presented. In addition, thermal effects (e.g., laser induced damage) in 2D materials, which are critical to practical applications, are also discussed. Finally, the outlook for future opportunities of these 2D materials for optical modulation is given.

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Section: State Of the Art Of 2d Materials Optical Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2017

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“…This is an extremely large Faraday rotation, if we consider that this is achieved with a graphene monolayer with single-atom-thickness, but practical applications will require significant improvements in performance, such as reducing the required magnetic field and pushing its operation towards shorter wavelengths. The magneto-optic response (e.g., Faraday rotation and cyclotron resonance) can be enhanced using cavities, magnetoplasmons 121,122 , and metastructures 123 . In other 2D materials such as TMDs and black phosphorus, various magnetooptic effects (e.g., Faraday rotation, Zeeman effect and magneto-optical Kerr effect) have also recently been addressed, offering new opportunities to use these nanomaterials for magnetooptic modulators at the nanoscale for future applications, such as isolators, circulators, and magnetic measurements.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optical modulators with 2D layered materials

2016

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Light modulation is an essential operation in photonics and optoelectronics. With existing and emerging technologies increasingly demanding compact, efficient, fast and broadband optical modulators, high-performance light modulation solutions are becoming indispensable. The recent realization that two-dimensional layered materials could modulate light with superior performance has prompted intense research and significant advances, paving the way for realistic applications. In this review, we cover the state-of-the-art of optical modulators based on two-dimensional layered materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus. We discuss recent advances employing hybrid structures, such as two-dimensional heterostructures, plasmonic structures, and silicon/fibre integrated structures. We also take a look at future perspectives and discuss the potential of yet relatively unexplored mechanisms such as magneto-optic and acousto-optic modulation.

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“…[4][5][6][7][8] In addition, the conjunction of the two concepts above is expected to further boost the research field, thanks to the huge potential offered by 2D materials patterned as a metasurface [9][10][11] and by hybrid devices where a metallic metasurface is coupled to 2D conductors. [12][13][14] Whether based on 2D materials, traditional metals, or innovative alloys, 15 a (structured) optically conducting surface (OCS) shows a certain degree of energy loss, due to the very nature of the conductors which constitute the device. Such losses may be either detrimental or functional, depending on the intended application.…”

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Coherent absorption of light by graphene and other optically conducting surfaces in realistic on-substrate configurations

Zanotto¹,

Bianco²,

Mišeikis³

et al. 2016

APL Photonics

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Analytical formulas are derived describing the coherent absorption of light from a realistic multilayer structure composed by an optically conducting surface on a supporting substrate. The model predicts two fundamental results. First, the absorption regime named coherent perfect transparency theoretically can always be reached. Second, the optical conductance of the surface can be extrapolated from absorption experimental data even when the substrate thickness is unknown. The theoretical predictions are experimentally verified by analyzing a multilayer graphene structure grown on a silicon carbide substrate. The graphene thickness estimated through the coherent absorption technique resulted in good agreement with the values obtained by two other spectroscopic techniques. Thanks to the high spatial resolution that can be reached and high sensitivity to the probed structure thickness, coherent absorption spectroscopy represents an accurate and non-destructive diagnostic method for the spatial mapping of the optical properties of two-dimensional materials and of metasurfaces on a wafer scale.

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Magneto-optic transmittance modulation observed in a hybrid graphene–split ring resonator terahertz metasurface

Abstract: Articles you may be interested inDual-gated tunable absorption in graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterial AIP Advances 5, 067106 (2015)

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

Optical modulators with 2D layered materials

Coherent absorption of light by graphene and other optically conducting surfaces in realistic on-substrate configurations

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