Magneto-optical isolator with silicon waveguides fabricated by direct bonding

Shoji, Yuya; Mizumoto, Tetsuya; Yokoi, Hiroyoshi; Hsieh, I-Wei; Osgood, Richard M.

doi:10.1063/1.2884855

Cited by 329 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

209

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Yttrium-iron garnet (Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 , YIG), the most commonly used FI material in the near IR spectral region so far, is transparent in the 1.2~5.0 µm wavelength regions and exhibits an extremely large Faraday rotation (FR) angle [6,7]. Nevertheless, with the rapid expansion of visible solid-state lasers and laser-diodes, as well as excimer lasers in the UV, the demand of FIs operated at these spectral regions is rapidly promoting [8][9][10], while the conventional Yttrium-iron garnet crystals are not practical because of their poor transparency in this wavelength region [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pr9.33(SiO4)6O2 Crystals: Czochralski Growth and Near UV-Visible FR Performance

Chen

2017

Crystals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pr 9.33 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 crystals have been grown by the Cz-method for the first time for near UV-visible Faraday rotation applications. Rietveld refinement of XRD data demonstrates that the compound crystallizes in the oxyapatite structure with space group P6 3 /m, with oxyapatite structure. In contrast to Tb 3 Ga 5 O 12 , Pr 9.33 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 crystal shows a higher transparency in the UV-visible wavelength region, and a shorter cutoff at 270 nm. The Faraday rotation performance and the temperature-dependence of the field-cooled (FC) and zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetic susceptibility have been investigated, which indicate that the Pr 9.33 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 crystal exhibits paramagnetic behavior in the experimental temperature range from 2 to 300 K and yields a larger FR angle which rapidly increases towards the cutoff. Pr 9.33 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 crystal is therefore a promising magneto-optical crystal in particular for potential FR applications in the near UV-visible spectral region.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pr9.33(SiO4)6O2 Crystals: Czochralski Growth and Near UV-Visible FR Performance

Chen

2017

Crystals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such a seedlayer therefore limits the amount of light that reaches the Ce:YIG. Unfortunately, even with the seedlayer, most researchers report lower MO values (eg: -1263°/cm) 28 for this integrated Ce:YIG than that of a Ce:YIG grown on doped GGG (gadolinium gallium garnet) substrate by sputter epitaxy (-4500°/cm) 18,31 . The usual explanation is incomplete crystallization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonreciprocal photonic devices need to balance minimizing size while maximizing isolation ratio (IR). Some examples that highlight the race for improved device design are: a 4mm long Si interferometer with wafer-bonded Ce:YIG (IR=17dB) 18 , a 1.8mm (diameter) silicon ring with wafer-bonded Ce:YIG (IR=9dB) 19 and a 920µm long Si interferometer with adhesive-bonded Ce:YIG (IR=25dB) 22 . The shortest reported isolator device to date is a 290µm Si ring resonator with a sputtered Ce:YIG cladding (IR= 19.5dB) 28 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In either category, one of two magneto-optical effects are typically employed: nonreciprocal phase shift (NRPS) or Faraday rotation. NRPS occurs in a transverse magnetic field 17 , and it can be utilized for optical isolation using interferometer 18 or ring resonator 19 designs. Faraday rotation is a nonreciprocal rotation, or mode conversion, that occurs with a magnetic field parallel to the propagating light, and it can provide isolation together with a simple polarizer at the input of a waveguide 20,21 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost all of the recent devices in both categories have employed Ce:YIG as the MO material 8,19,[21][22][23][24][25][26] . In the first category, isolators based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers have been developed by bonding Ce:YIG onto Si-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides by surface-activated 18 or adhesive 22 bonding. Ce:YIG claddings have also been used in the development of SOI ring resonators 19 , [25][26][27][28] , Si3N4-core circulators 29 , and SOI-or III-V-core Faraday rotators 21 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Optimized Magneto-optical Isolator Designs Inspired by Seedlayer-Free Terbium Iron Garnets with Opposite Chirality

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

2016) Optimized magneto-optical isolator designs inspired by seedlayer-free terbium iron garnets with opposite chirality. ACS Photonics, 3(10), pp. 1818Photonics, 3(10), pp. -1825Photonics, 3(10), pp. . (doi:10.1021 This is the author's final accepted version.There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it.http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/124482/ ∥ School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K. ABSTRACT: ABSTRACT: ABSTRACT:ABSTRACT: Simulations demonstrate that undoped yttrium iron garnet (YIG) seedlayers cause reduced Faraday rotation in silicon-oninsulator (SOI) waveguides with Ce-doped YIG claddings. Undoped seedlayers are required for the crystallization of the magneto-optical Ce:YIG claddings, but they diminish the interaction of the Ce:YIG with the guided modes. Therefore new magneto-optical garnets, terbium iron garnet (TIG) and bismuth-doped TIG (Bi:TIG), are introduced that can be integrated directly on Si and quartz substrates without seedlayers. The Faraday rotations of TIG and Bi:TIG films at 1550nm were measured to be +500 and -500°/cm, respectively. Simulations show that these new garnets have the potential to significantly mitigate the negative impact of the seedlayers under Ce:YIG claddings. The successful growth of TIG and Bi:TIG on low-index fused quartz inspired novel garnet-core waveguide isolator designs, simulated using finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods. These designs use alternating segments of positive and negative Faraday rotation for push-pull quasi phase matching in order to overcome birefringence in waveguides with rectangular cross-sections. KEYWORDS KEYWORDS KEYWORDS KEYWORDS: yttrium iron garnet (YIG) seedlayer, terbium iron garnet (TIG), cerium doped yttrium iron garnet (Ce:YIG) , silicon on insulator (SOI) waveguides, Faraday rotation, optical isolator Photonic systems have ever increasing applications in high-speed electronics/ spintronics 1,2 , computing 3 , telecommunications 4,5 and medicine 6 . These systems use light as the signal carrier, and similar to diodes in electronics, photonic systems require non-reciprocal devices with high optical isolation capabilities to protect light sources. Currently, non-reciprocal photonic materials are only available in discrete components. However, if light sources are to be integrated onto photonic chips, non-reciprocal devices will also be needed on those chips. Indeed, isolators will be necessary anywhere in optical circuits where back-reflections are detrimental and likely to occur. Garnets, with their unique magneto-optical (MO) properties have been the material of choice for building passive non-reciprocal devices [7][8][9][10] . In general, non-garnet non-reciprocal devices are active devices that require external power sources, which increase the complexity and cost of the device [11][12][13][14] . MO effects in garnets are the result of non-zero off-diagonal components in the dielectric matrix (ε) ...

show abstract

Magneto‐optics

2019

Crystal Optics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magneto-optical isolator with silicon waveguides fabricated by direct bonding

Cited by 329 publications

References 6 publications

Pr9.33(SiO4)6O2 Crystals: Czochralski Growth and Near UV-Visible FR Performance

Pr9.33(SiO4)6O2 Crystals: Czochralski Growth and Near UV-Visible FR Performance

Optimized Magneto-optical Isolator Designs Inspired by Seedlayer-Free Terbium Iron Garnets with Opposite Chirality

Magneto‐optics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About