Magnetoelectric Memory Based on Ferromagnetic/Ferroelectric Multiferroic Heterostructure

Abstract

Electric-field control of magnetism is significant for the next generation of large-capacity and low-power data storage technology. In this regard, the renaissance of a multiferroic compound provides an elegant platform owing to the coexistence and coupling of ferroelectric (FE) and magnetic orders. However, the scarcity of single-phase multiferroics at room temperature spurs zealous research in pursuit of composite systems combining a ferromagnet with FE or piezoelectric materials. So far, electric-field control of magnetism has been achieved in the exchange-mediated, charge-mediated, and strain-mediated ferromagnetic (FM)/FE multiferroic heterostructures. Concerning the giant, nonvolatile, and reversible electric-field control of magnetism at room temperature, we first review the theoretical and representative experiments on the electric-field control of magnetism via strain coupling in the FM/FE multiferroic heterostructures, especially the CoFeB/PMN–PT [where PMN–PT denotes the (PbMn1/3Nb2/3O3)1−x-(PbTiO3)x] heterostructure. Then, the application in the prototype spintronic devices, i.e., spin valves and magnetic tunnel junctions, is introduced. The nonvolatile and reversible electric-field control of tunneling magnetoresistance without assistant magnetic field in the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)/FE architecture shows great promise for the future of data storage technology. We close by providing the main challenges of this and the different perspectives for straintronics and spintronics.

Bayesian neural networks using magnetic tunnel junction-based probabilistic in-memory computing

“…However, there are at least two ways that nonvolatile encoding of the noise magnitude can be accomplished. Firstly, a ferroelectric or multiferroic layer can be introduced to the stack to induce a polarization field at the interface, implementing an effective electric field that can be modulated to an appropriate state using applied voltage (Chen et al, 2019;Fang et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2021). Another option is to introduce an ion-conductive layer to reversibly modulate the oxidation state of the free layer.…”

Analysis of Dynamic Magnetoelastic Coupling in Mechanically Driven Magnetoelectric Antennas

“…Mechanically driven magnetoelectric antennas are hardly the only application envisioned for piezoelectric-magnetostrictive heterostructures, and there have been many recent studies dedicated to an assessment of the magnetization dynamics in these heterostructures for other purposes [18]. For example, a substantial amount of research has been performed in this regard for high density, low power data storage applications [19]. However, these works were concerned with magnetic switching dynamics and stepped or pulsed mechanical stimuli [20] whereas our work deals with harmonic dynamics and stimuli.…”

Spin–Charge Conversion in Hybrid Structure PbZrO3/Y3Fe5O12/Pt

“…[8][9][10] Among these advances, the artificial multiferroic heterostructures with two or more ferroic (ferroelectric (FE), ferro/ferrimagnetic) phases have drawn considerable interest. [8,[11][12][13][14][15][16] Due to the multiphase coexistence and the converse magnetoelectric effect (ME) in the FM/FE heterostructures, it permits the manipulation of magnetic states via nonvolatile ferroelectricity polarization states controlled by a low-energyconsuming electric field. [17] For instances, nonvolatile electric control of spin-charge conversion has been realized in Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.7 Ti 0.3 O 3 /YIG/Pt(0.8 nm)/copper(4 nm) at room temperature [18] and also in the ferroelectric-like state of SrTiO 3 Rashba system at low temperature.…”