Magnetometric Evaluation of Cadmium Oxide--Induced Toxicity to Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages of Syrian Golden Hamsters

Niitsuya, Masato; Watanabe, Mitsuyasu; Okada, Mitsushi; Shinji, Hisako; Sakurai, Toshihiko; Aizawa, Yoshifusa; Cho, Young-Chae; Kotani, M.

doi:10.1080/15287390306362

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For instance, a study of alveolar macrophages recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from Syrian golden hamsters showed reduced relaxation and toxicity due to cadmium oxide exposures. 40 TiO 2 ENPs, which are extensively used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, have also been found to inhibit relaxation and induce membrane damage. 41 Furthermore, another study showed impairment of cytoskeletal function and early necrotic changes due to in vitro exposure to chrysotile asbestos.…”

Section: S M a L L I N T E S T I N E L A R G E I N T E S T I N E S P mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on Kupffer cell phagosomal motility, bacterial clearance, and liver function

Watson¹,

Molina²,

Louzada³

et al. 2015

IJN

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Background Zinc oxide engineered nanoparticles (ZnO ENPs) have potential as nanomedicines due to their inherent properties. Studies have described their pulmonary impact, but less is known about the consequences of ZnO ENP interactions with the liver. This study was designed to describe the effects of ZnO ENPs on the liver and Kupffer cells after intravenous (IV) administration. Materials and methods First, pharmacokinetic studies were conducted to determine the tissue distribution of neutron-activated 65 ZnO ENPs post-IV injection in Wistar Han rats. Then, a noninvasive in vivo method to assess Kupffer cell phagosomal motility was employed using ferromagnetic iron particles and magnetometry. We also examined whether prior IV injection of ZnO ENPs altered Kupffer cell bactericidal activity on circulating Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Serum and liver tissues were collected to assess liver-injury biomarkers and histological changes, respectively. Results We found that the liver was the major site of initial uptake of 65 ZnO ENPs. There was a time-dependent decrease in tissue levels of 65 Zn in all organs examined, refecting particle dissolution. In vivo magnetometry showed a time-dependent and transient reduction in Kupffer cell phagosomal motility. Animals challenged with P . aeruginosa 24 hours post-ZnO ENP injection showed an initial (30 minutes) delay in vascular bacterial clearance. However, by 4 hours, IV-injected bacteria were cleared from the blood, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys. Seven days post-ZnO ENP injection, creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum were significantly increased. Histological evidence of hepatocyte damage and marginated neutrophils were observed in the liver. Conclusion Administration of ZnO ENPs transiently inhibited Kupffer cell phagosomal motility and later induced hepatocyte injury, but did not alter bacterial clearance from the blood or killing in the liver, spleen, lungs, or kidneys. Our data show that diminished Kupffer cell organelle motion correlated with ZnO ENP-induced liver injury.

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Section: S M a L L I N T E S T I N E L A R G E I N T E S T I N E S P mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on Kupffer cell phagosomal motility, bacterial clearance, and liver function

Watson¹,

Molina²,

Louzada³

et al. 2015

IJN

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“…Furthermore, alveolar macrophages, due to their phagocytic activity, are suited for the evaluation of insoluble particles such as dust and fibrous substances like asbestos and asbestos substitutes. The harmful properties of the following chemical substances have been investigated by in vitro cell magnetometry: limestone (Keira et al, 1996) 8) , chrysotile (Keira et al, 1998) 5) , gallium arsenide (Okada et al, 1999) 9) , silicon carbide whiskers (Watanabe et al, 2000) 10) , titanium dioxide 11) , cadmium oxide (Niitsuya et al, 2003) 12) , cadmium chloride (Cho, 2000) 13) , arsenic chloride (Okada et al, 2001) 14) , and photocopier toner (Furukawa et al, 2002) 15) . Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of silicon carbide whiskers by Watanabe et al in 2000 10) showed higher sensitivity of cell magnetometry in the detection of cytotoxicity, whereas no abnormalities were detected by the enzyme assay method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity Study of High Temperature Wool (HT Wool) by Cell Magnetometric Evaluation

Kudo

Kotani

Aizawa

2010

Journal of Occupational Health

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It has been reported that asbestos causes pulmonary fibrosis and malignant tumors, and many in vitro and in vivo studies have shown its toxicity. Therefore, the use of asbestos has been restricted worldwide, including in Japan [1][2][3] , and many asbestos substitutes have been developed. A variety of man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) such as rock wool (RW) and glass wool are currently used as asbestos substitutes. Recently, a new type of RW, high-alumina, low-silica stone wool, hightemperature wool (HT wool), has been developed. Its chemical composition is characterized by a high concentration of Al 2 O 3 and a low concentration of SiO 2 , low biopersistence, and a high melting point. These characteristics of HT wool have enabled its use to be broadened to heat insulation and other applications, and it has extensively replaced traditional types of RW. However, since HT wool has only been used for a short time, and the IARC categorizes it as unclassifiable, evaluation of its safety is urgently needed. Since most chemical substances enter the body through the airways and are processed by alveolar macrophages, evaluation of the effects on these cells should be a useful system for screening the physiological effects of chemical substances. Furthermore, alveolar macrophages, due to their phagocytic activity, are suited for the evaluation of insoluble particles such as dust, fibrous substances like asbestos and asbestos substitutes.Cell magnetometry is an application of lung magnetometry, which was first reported by Cohen in 1973 4) . The principle of cell magnetometry is to induce uptake of iron oxide particles (magnetic particles) by phagocytes and to magnetize these particles by applying an external magnetic field, followed by measurement of the strength of the remanence after cessation of external We performed a cytotoxicity study by cell magnetometry, measured lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity by enzyme assay, detected DNA ladder formation, and performed morphological examination by electron microscopy in order to evaluate the safety of high temperature wool (HT wool), an asbestos substitute, using long and short chrysotile fibers (CF) as positive controls and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as a negative control. Methods: Alveolar macrophages were isolated from male Fisher rats. Following the addition of iron oxide particles (Fe 3 O 4 ) to macrophages, HT wool, long or short CF was added. Then, the remanence strength was measured for 20 min after magnetization by an external field. Percent LDH release was calculated after determining LDH activity. DNA was detected using an apoptosis detection kit. Morphological observation was performed by taking electron micrographs of macrophages in the groups treated with HT wool and long-and short-CF. Results: Rapid relaxation, an indicator of decay of cytotoxicity, was observed by cell magnetometry immediately after magnetization was ended in the groups treated with HT wool and PBS, showing that HT wool causes no harmful effect on the cytoskeleton. The CF-treated group...

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“…The harmful properties of the following chemical substances have been investigated by in vitro cell magnetometry: limestone (Keira et al, 1996), chrysotile (Keira et al, 1998), gallium arsenide (Okada et al, 1999), silicon carbide whiskers (Watanabe et al, 2000), titanium dioxide , cadmium oxide (Niitsuya et al, 2003), cadmium chloride (Cho, 2000), arsenic chloride (Okada et al, 2001), and photocopier toner (Furukawa Vol. 35 Kudo et al et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of hazardousness of refractory fibers by cell magnetometry

2010

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-This study was carried out to assess the cytotoxicity of three kinds of refractory fibers (RFs), RF1, RF2, and RF3, by cell magnetometry, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and morphological observation by scanning electron microscopy, using a mouse-derived cultured cell line, RAW264.7. As an indicator for cell magnetometry, Fe 3 O 4 was added to RAW264.7 cells. RF1, RF2 and RF3 were each added to an aliquot of this solution to make final concentrations of 250, 500 and 1,000 µg/ml in the experimental group. Phosphate buffered solution was added to make the control solution (n = 6). After culturing for 48 hr, the solution was magnetized from outside using a cell magnetometric apparatus, and the remnant magnetic field was measured for 20 min postmagnetization. In cell magnetometry, a significant delay of relaxation compared to that of the control was observed. In the LDH assay, LDH release into the culture medium was observed by addition of RFs. Furthermore, a quantity-dependent relationship was found between the quantity of RF added and the cytotoxicity in cell magnetometry and LDH assay. Morphological examination revealed incomplete phagocytosis of fibers and a decrease of microvilli in the experimental groups. These results suggest that RFs are cytotoxic to RAW264.7 cells, showing concentrationdependent cytotoxicity, and have a possible risk of cytotoxicity similar to that of asbestos. Further studies by pulmonary magnetometry are necessary to assess the hazardousness of RFs.

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Magnetometric Evaluation of Cadmium Oxide--Induced Toxicity to Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages of Syrian Golden Hamsters

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on Kupffer cell phagosomal motility, bacterial clearance, and liver function

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on Kupffer cell phagosomal motility, bacterial clearance, and liver function

Cytotoxicity Study of High Temperature Wool (HT Wool) by Cell Magnetometric Evaluation

Evaluation of hazardousness of refractory fibers by cell magnetometry

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