Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond

Rondin, Loïc; Tetienne, J.‐P.; Hingant, T.; Roch, Jean-François; Maletinsky, Patrick; Jacques, Vincent

doi:10.1088/0034-4885/77/5/056503

Cited by 1,143 publications

(1,211 citation statements)

References 152 publications

(317 reference statements)

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“…Cryogenic scanning magnetometry stands out as potentially the most impactful application of NV centers, taking advantage of the exquisite magnetic field sensitivity and intrinsic atomic scale of the NV center for high resolution imaging 20 . The operation of an NV-based magnetic probe is dependent on a fundamentally different sensing principle than other imaging methods, namely the spin-dependent photoluminescence of a solid-state defect.…”

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confidence: 99%

Scanned probe imaging of nanoscale magnetism at cryogenic temperatures with a single-spin quantum sensor

et al. 2016

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High spatial resolution magnetic imaging has driven important developments in fields ranging from materials science to biology. However, to uncover finer details approaching the nanoscale with greater sensitivity requires the development of a radically new sensor technology. The nitrogenvacancy (NV) defect in diamond has emerged as a promising candidate for such a sensor based on its atomic size and quantum-limited sensing capabilities afforded by long spin coherence times. Although the NV center has been successfully implemented as a nanoscale scanning magnetic probe at room temperature, it has remained an outstanding challenge to extend this capability to cryogenic temperatures, where many solid-state systems exhibit non-trivial magnetic order. Here we present NV magnetic imaging down to 6 K with 6 nm spatial resolution and 3 μT/√Hz field sensitivity, first benchmarking the technique with a magnetic hard disk sample, then utilizing the technique to image vortices in the iron pnictide superconductor BaFe2(As0.7P0.3)2 with Tc = 30 K. The expansion of NVbased magnetic imaging to cryogenic temperatures represents an important advance in state-of-theart magnetometry, which will enable future studies of heretofore inaccessible nanoscale magnetism in condensed matter systems. and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 7 , and reciprocal space techniques including neutron scattering 8 have been successfully utilized to study magnetism in these systems. However, each of these techniques has limitations that must be considered. In MFM, a ferromagnetic tip must be placed in close proximity to a sample, which can perturb the magnetic order that is being probed.Scanning SQUIDs typically require a probe temperature of 10 K or lower, and generally offer micron-size spatial resolution, although recent studies have enhanced the resolution to submicron scales 9 . Lorentz TEM can provide images with high spatial resolution and magnetic contrast, but requires very thin samples, typically less than 100 nm thick. Neutron scattering requires the growth of large, high purity single-crystal samples, and is an ensemble-averaged measurement. There is therefore a significant opportunity to develop a real-space, non-invasive magnetic sensor capable of studying magnetic order at sub-10 nm spatial resolution and sub-T/Hz DC field sensitivities.The nitrogen vacancy (NV) defect center in diamond is an exceptionally versatile single spin system with unique quantum properties that have driven its application in diverse areas ranging from quantum information and photonics to quantum metrology [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Cryogenic scanning magnetometry stands out as potentially the most impactful application of NV centers, taking advantage of the exquisite magnetic field sensitivity and intrinsic atomic scale of the NV center for high resolution imaging 20 . The operation of an NV-based magnetic probe is dependent on a fundamentally different sensing principle than other imaging methods, namely the spin-dependent photolum...

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confidence: 99%

Scanned probe imaging of nanoscale magnetism at cryogenic temperatures with a single-spin quantum sensor

et al. 2016

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“…Such NV centers exist in three forms, a neutral one, a positively charged one, and a negatively charged one. The latter provides a promising system for magnetometry, since it has a spin triplet which can be monitored efficiently through optical processes, and offers a coherence time that can be as high as a few ms (see [19,20] for recent reviews).…”

Section: Example Of Applications a Nv Center Magnetometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neglecting the interactions with the 14 N nuclear spin as well as the bath of the 13 C nuclear spins, the Hamiltonian H NV for the triplet state of the NV center can be written [20] …”

Section: Example Of Applications a Nv Center Magnetometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing sensitivity in quantum metrology by Hamiltonian extensions

Fraïsse

Braun

2017

Phys. Rev. A

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A well-studied scenario in quantum parameter estimation theory arises when the parameter to be estimated is imprinted on the initial state by a Hamiltonian of the form θG. For such "phase shift Hamiltonians" it has been shown that one cannot improve the channel quantum Fisher information by adding ancillas and letting the system interact with them. Here we investigate the general case, where the Hamiltonian is not necessarily a phase shift, and show that in this case in general it is possible to increase the quantum channel information and to reach an upper bound. This can be done by adding a term proportional to the derivative of the Hamiltonian, or by subtracting a term to the original Hamiltonian. Neither method makes use of any ancillas which shows that for quantum channel estimation with arbitrary parameter-dependent Hamiltonian, entanglement with an ancillary system is not necessary to reach the best possible sensitivity. By adding an operator to the Hamiltonian we can also modify the time scaling of the channel quantum Fisher information. We illustrate our techniques with NV-center magnetometry and the estimation of the direction of a magnetic field in a given plane using a single spin-1 as probe.

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“…However, these techniques are limited in sensitivity, and thus require macroscopic ensembles of spins in order to produce a measurable signal [1]. A variety of techniques have been developed over the last decade to extend magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the nanometre scale [2][3][4][5][6]. Notably, methods based on the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond [7] have attracted enormous interest owing to their ability to operate under conditions compatible with biological samples [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, methods based on the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond [7] have attracted enormous interest owing to their ability to operate under conditions compatible with biological samples [6,8]. While significant progress has been made with NV-based sensing in the last few years [5], spectroscopy at the single nuclear spin level remains a major challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticrossing Spin Dynamics of Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers and All-Optical Low-Frequency Magnetometry

et al. 2016

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We investigate the photo-induced spin dynamics of single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond near the electronic ground state level anti-crossing (GSLAC), which occurs at an axial magnetic field around 1024 G. Using optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we first find that the electron spin transition frequency can be tuned down to 100 kHz for the 14 NV centre, while for the 15 NV centre the transition strength vanishes for frequencies below about 2 MHz owing to the GSLAC level structure. Using optical pulses to prepare and readout the spin state, we observe coherent spin oscillations at 1024 G for the 14 NV, which originate from spin mixing induced by residual transverse magnetic fields. This effect is responsible for limiting the smallest observable transition frequency, which can span two orders of magnitude from 100 kHz to tens of MHz depending on the local magnetic noise. A similar feature is observed for the 15 NV centre at 1024 G. As an application of these findings, we demonstrate all-optical detection and spectroscopy of externally-generated fluctuating magnetic fields at frequencies from 8 MHz down to 500 kHz, using a 14 NV centre. Since the Larmor frequency of most nuclear spin species lies within this frequency range near the GSLAC, these results pave the way towards all-optical, nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, using longitudinal spin cross-relaxation.

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Magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond

Cited by 1,143 publications

References 152 publications

Scanned probe imaging of nanoscale magnetism at cryogenic temperatures with a single-spin quantum sensor

Scanned probe imaging of nanoscale magnetism at cryogenic temperatures with a single-spin quantum sensor

Enhancing sensitivity in quantum metrology by Hamiltonian extensions

Anticrossing Spin Dynamics of Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers and All-Optical Low-Frequency Magnetometry

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