Magnetosheath jet evolution as a function of lifetime: global hybrid-Vlasov simulations compared to MMS observations

Palmroth, Minna; Raptis, Savvas; Suni, Jonas; Karlsson, Tomas; Turc, Lucile; Johlander, Andreas; Ganse, Urs; Pfau‐Kempf, Yann; Blanco‐Cano, X.; Akhavan‐Tafti, Mojtaba; Battarbee, Markus; Dubart, Maxime; Grandin, Maxime; Tarvus, Vertti; Osmane, Adnane

doi:10.5194/angeo-39-289-2021

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…(2020) and Palmroth et al. (2021) have recently reported significantly smaller characteristic sizes for magnetosheath jets using THEMIS and Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data, respectively. The typical jet scales have been estimated to be below ∼0.2 R E , approximately one order of magnitude smaller than previously reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…More recently, 2D global hybrid-Vlasov simulations of magnetosheath jets have been performed with the Vlasiator code using magnetic dipoles with unscaled strengths and mesh resolutions of the order of the proton inertial length (Palmroth et al, 2018(Palmroth et al, , 2021. These simulations generated many small-size jets but none as large as found in the hybrid-PIC simulations.…”

Section: Comparison With 2d Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Space‐Time Adaptive Hybrid Simulations of Magnetosheath High‐Speed Jets

Omelchenko

Chen

2021

JGR Space Physics

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Many transient physical processes operate simultaneously and couple nonlinearly in the near-Earth environment across turbulent spatio-temporal scales, producing strong impacts on the cusp, magnetopause and ionosphere that are difficult to fully understand and predict without kinetic simulations. In particular, under quasi-radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions the turbulent magnetosheath flow generates large-amplitude, spatially localized dynamic pressure enhancements, known as magnetosheath jets or high-speed jets (Plaschke et al., 2018). These structures, commonly observed by satellites downstream of quasi-parallel bow shocks, carry significant amounts of momentum, energy and magnetic flux. Therefore, their generation mechanism, characteristic lifetimes, physical and geometric properties, and possible impact on the magnetosphere present strong interest to the space physics community.Based on observations in the past two decades, a great amount of statistical knowledge, as well as possible theoretical explanations relating the occurrence of jets to solar wind and foreshock conditions, have been accumulated (Plaschke et al., 2018(Plaschke et al., , 2020. In particular, a theory by Hietala et al. (2012Hietala et al. ( , 2009 suggests that plasma ripples, which inherently develop in the bow shock under quasi-radial IMF and high Mach solar wind conditions, may be responsible for producing local high-speed flows in the magnetosheath by deflecting the incoming solar wind plasma flow in the anti-sunward direction due to the local curvature of a shock front so that the speed of the deflected flow remains close to the upstream solar wind value.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Comparison With 2d Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Space‐Time Adaptive Hybrid Simulations of Magnetosheath High‐Speed Jets

Omelchenko

Chen

2021

JGR Space Physics

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“…Nor have we considered the complicated morphology of the jets as they traverse the magnetosheath. Palmroth et al (2021) recently performed a study where they via simulations investigated the evolution of jets. Goncharov et al (2020) also investigated this evolution.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The duration can be used as a measure of the parallel length of the jet, l p , assuming that the jet propagates at the observed ion velocity and that MMS probes close to the center of the jet (Goncharov et al, 2020). However, a recent study by Palmroth et al (2021) indicates that estimating a jet's length scale from spacecraft observations can be misleading. For example, they found that the jets tend to get shorter as they progress through the magnetosheath.…”

Section: Of 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ground‐Based Magnetometer Response to Impacting Magnetosheath Jets

et al. 2021

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The terrestrial bow shock is a shock front formed in front of the magnetosphere where the supersonic solar wind abruptly decelerates to subsonic velocities. Downstream of the bow shock lies a turbulent region of warm dense plasma -the magnetosheath. In the magnetosheath, localized dynamic pressure enhancements are often observed examples (Amata et al., 2011;Archer et al., 2012;Karlsson et al., 2012). These pressure enhancements have been referred by many different names, for example, plasmoids (Gunell et al., 2012(Gunell et al., , 2014, antisunward high-speed jets (Plaschke et al., 2020), and supermagnetosonic subsolar magnetosheath jets (Hietala et al., 2012). In this article, we will refer to them as jets, or impacting jets.Geoeffective jets, which are jets causing disturbances to the magnetosphere-ionosphere system, have raised attention. For instance, Hietala et al. (2012) investigated several jets measured during a period of one day by Cluster spacecraft. They compared the jet observations with simultaneous observations from the geostationary orbit by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and from the ionosphere by the Super Dual Aurora Network (SuperDARN) radars. Hietala et al. (2012) reported that during times with observations of jets, irregular pulsations in the magnetic field at the geostationary orbit could be seen. Furthermore, at the same time, localized enhanced ionospheric flows were observed by SuperDARN. Archer, Horbury, et al. (2013) performed a similar study using the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft observations and ground-based magnetometer (GMAG) data as well as SuperDARN observations during a time period of 12 h. Also they could observe enhanced ionospheric flows associated with the periods with jet observations. Archer, Horbury, et al. (2013) characterized these flows as traveling convection vortices (TCVs, cf. (Glassmeier et al., 1989)). Further, Archer et al (2013) suggested that the magnetopause filters away pressure variations on timescales shorter than a few minutes, yielding a low-pass filter effect. Dmitriev and Suvorova (2012) conducted a case study for a single jet using THEMIS spacecraft observations and GMAG data. They reported that the magnetosheath jet in their event impacted the magnetopause causing it to distort in an "expansion-compression-expansion" sequence, which lasted for ∼15 min. At the same time, the Chapman-Ferraro currents at the magnetopause were simi-Abstract Localized dynamic pressure pulses in the magnetosheath, or jets, have been a popular topic for discussion in recent decades. Studies show that they can propagate through the magnetosheath and impact the magnetopause, possibly showing up as geoeffective elements at ground level. However, questions still remain on how geoeffective they can be. Previous studies have been limited to case studies during few days and with only a handful of events. In this study we have found 65 cases of impacting jets using observations from the Multisca...

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Jets Downstream of Collisionless Shocks: Recent Discoveries and Challenges

Krämer,

Koller,

Suni

et al. 2024

Space Sci Rev

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Plasma flows with enhanced dynamic pressure, known as magnetosheath jets, are often found downstream of collisionless shocks. As they propagate through the magnetosheath, they interact with the surrounding plasma, shaping its properties, and potentially becoming geoeffective upon reaching the magnetopause. In recent years (since 2016), new research has produced vital results that have significantly enhanced our understanding on many aspects of jets. In this review, we summarise and discuss these findings. Spacecraft and ground-based observations, as well as global and local simulations, have contributed greatly to our understanding of the causes and effects of magnetosheath jets. First, we discuss recent findings on jet occurrence and formation, including in other planetary environments. New insights into jet properties and evolution are then examined using observations and simulations. Finally, we review the impact of jets upon interaction with the magnetopause and subsequent consequences for the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. We conclude with an outlook and assessment on future challenges. This includes an overview on future space missions that may prove crucial in tackling the outstanding open questions on jets in the terrestrial magnetosheath as well as other planetary and shock environments.

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Magnetosheath jet evolution as a function of lifetime: global hybrid-Vlasov simulations compared to MMS observations

Cited by 24 publications

References 59 publications

3D Space‐Time Adaptive Hybrid Simulations of Magnetosheath High‐Speed Jets

3D Space‐Time Adaptive Hybrid Simulations of Magnetosheath High‐Speed Jets

Ground‐Based Magnetometer Response to Impacting Magnetosheath Jets

Jets Downstream of Collisionless Shocks: Recent Discoveries and Challenges

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