Magnetospheric radio tomographic imaging with IMAGE and Wind

Zhai, Yuhu; Cummer, Steven A.; Green, J. L.; Reinisch, B. W.; Kaiser, M. L.; Reiner, M. J.; Goetz, K.

doi:10.1029/2011ja016743

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The four LOS provided by the four spacecraft will enable space-based FR studies to probe magnetic field structure and CME evolution at solar impact parameters < 0.5 AU. Cummer et al [2001Cummer et al [ , 2003, Zhai & Cummer [2006], and Zhai et al [2011] successfully demonstrated the first spacecraft-tospacecraft FR using the Radio Plasma Imager instrument [RPI; Reinisch et al 2000] onboard the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration [IMAGE; Burch 2000] as the transmitter and the WAVES instrument [Bougeret et al 1995] onboard Wind as the receiver. They measured FR through the Earth's magnetosphere over distances of ≤ 15 R E (≈ 95,700 km).…”

Section: Improvements In Ground-based Receiversmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Advance Studies of Coronal Faraday Rotation

Kooi,

Wexler,

Jensen

et al. 2023

Bulletin of the AAS

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Detection of Faraday rotation (FR) is one of the best remote-sensing methods for probing the plasma structure, including the magnetic field, of the solar wind and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). FR is the rotation of the plane of polarization of linearly polarized radiation as it propagates through a magnetized plasma and provides information about the electron number density and the component of the magnetic field along the line of sight (LOS) to the observer. We outline several recommendations to continue developing FR methods, including: (1) equipping the next generation of spacecraft with linearly polarized, multi-frequency transmitters; (2) developing the capability to generate coronal FR sky maps with natural radio sources or the Galactic synchrotron background; (3) creating new methods to use current and future whitelight imagers to enhance coronal FR observations; (4) exploring the potential for space-based FR observations; and (5) training machine-learning algorithms to interpret coronal and CME FR observations, which could become a powerful new tool for space weather forecasting.

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Section: Improvements In Ground-based Receiversmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Advance Studies of Coronal Faraday Rotation

Kooi,

Wexler,

Jensen

et al. 2023

Bulletin of the AAS

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“…Additionally, there are recent improvements to global MHD simulation codes (Toth et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2019) and there is a diversity of kinetic simulation codes capturing physical processes beyond the capabilities of MHD (Karimabadi et al, 2014;von Alfthan et al, 2014;Guo et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2019;Battarbee et al, 2020). Future needs require improved solar-wind measurements at Earth (Borovsky, 2018a;Walsh et al, 2019), and perhaps a constellation mission of in situ measurements throughout the magnetosphere (Spence, 2001;Kepko, 2018) and magnetospheric plasma tomography (Ergun et al, 2000;Zhai et al, 2011) and plasma imaging (Raab et al, 2016;Walsh et al, 2016;Goldstein et al, 2018).…”

Section: Assessment and The Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Is Our Understanding of Solar-Wind/Magnetosphere Coupling Satisfactory?

Borovsky

2021

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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An assessment of our physics-based understanding of solar-wind/magnetosphere coupling finds that the understanding is not complete. Solar-wind/magnetosphere coupling is foundational to magnetospheric physics and it is a key to comprehending and predicting space weather. We are modestly successful at correlating solar-wind variables with geomagnetic indices, but we lack the full knowledge to describe in detail how the shocked solar-wind plasma transports mass, momentum, and energy into the magnetosphere-ionosphere system and how the shocked solar wind drives geomagnetic activity and magnetospheric evolution. The controlling solar-wind factors that govern the driving of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system are not accurately known. Without this knowledge accurate predictions of the magnetospheric behavior cannot be made and no magnetosphere-ionosphere model will work correctly if it is driven incorrectly. Further, without a fundamental understanding, the prediction of the system reaction to some as-yet-unseen extreme solar-wind conditions will not be possible. In this perspective article several gaps in our knowledge are cataloged. The deficiencies in our physical understanding of solar-wind/magnetosphere coupling constitute a major unsolved problem for space physics (and for astrophysics), a problem that demands enhanced, coordinated research.

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“…The mission was designed to examine plasma plumes in the magnetosphere, acquire reconstructed images of plasma density and turbulence using radio tomography, and measure three-dimensional ion and electron distributions. Tomography, that create maps of plasma density [30], is a key facet of the APIS mission.…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of the magnetosphere using spacecraft has been proposed [34] and tested [30]. Outside the magnetosphere, International Sun-Earth Explorers 1 and 2 have demonstrated the ability to derive the electron density in the solar wind through radio wave propagation [35].…”

Section: Science Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications And Potentials Of Intelligent Swarms For Magnetospheric Studies

Rajan,

Ben-Maor,

Kaderali

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Earth's magnetosphere is vital for today's technologically dependent society. To date, numerous design studies have been conducted and over a dozen science missions have flown to study the magnetosphere. However, a majority of these solutions relied on large monolithic satellites, which limited the spatial resolution of these investigations, as did the technological limitations of the past. To counter these limitations, we propose the use of a satellite swarm carrying numerous and distributed payloads for magnetospheric measurements. Our mission is named APIS -Applications and Potentials of Intelligent Swarms.The APIS mission aims to characterize fundamental plasma processes in the Earth's magnetosphere and measure the effect of the solar wind on our magnetosphere. We propose a swarm of 40 CubeSats in two highly-elliptical orbits around the Earth, which perform radio tomography in the magnetotail at 8-12 Earth Radii (R E ) downstream, and the subsolar magnetosphere at 8-12 R E upstream. These maps will be made at both low-resolutions (at 0.5 R E , 5 seconds cadence) and high-resolutions (at 0.025 R E , 2 seconds cadence). In addition, in-situ measurements of the magnetic and electric fields, plasma density will be performed by on-board instruments.In this article, we present an outline of previous missions and designs for magnetospheric studies, along with the science drivers and motivation for the APIS mission. Furthermore, preliminary design results are included to show the feasibility of such a mission. The science requirements drive the APIS mission design, the mission operation and the system requirements. In addition to the various science payloads, critical subsystems of the satellites are investigated e.g., navigation, communication, processing and power systems. Our preliminary investigation on the mass, power and link budgets indicate that the mission could be realized using Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) technologies and with homogeneous CubeSats, each with a 12U form factor. We summarize our findings, along with the potential next steps to strengthen our design study.

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Magnetospheric radio tomographic imaging with IMAGE and Wind

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

How to Advance Studies of Coronal Faraday Rotation

How to Advance Studies of Coronal Faraday Rotation

Is Our Understanding of Solar-Wind/Magnetosphere Coupling Satisfactory?

Applications And Potentials Of Intelligent Swarms For Magnetospheric Studies

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