Magnetostriction of binary and ternary Fe–Ga alloys

Summers, Eric; Lograsso, T. A.; Wun‐Fogle, M.

doi:10.1007/s10853-007-2096-6

Cited by 161 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…At the A2/D0 3 phase boundary 23 of the Fe 100-x Ga x alloy, the decline is quite abrupt. In quenched samples, 17 the abrupt magnetostriction decline is pushed to a higher solute concentration resulting in a further increase in k c,2 to near 400 lS. This behavior indicates that in Fe-Ga, quenching retains the disordered A2 phase to larger solute concentrations resulting in a significant increase in k c,2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…16 Many measurements on Fe-Ga alloys with small amounts of Ga replaced by 3 d and 4 d transition elements were also reported. For a review of the magnetostriction of binary and ternary Fe-Ga alloys, see Summers et al 17 While the focus was on the large tetragonal strains, rhombohedral strains were also reported. Importantly, in order to extract the physically important magnetoelastic coupling energies, b 1 and b 2 , from the magnetostriction, single crystal elastic constants were measured on a large number of the binary and ternary alloys as a function of temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tetragonal magnetostriction and magnetoelastic coupling in Fe-Al, Fe-Ga, Fe-Ge, Fe-Si, Fe-Ga-Al, and Fe-Ga-Ge alloys

Restorff

Wun‐Fogle

Hathaway

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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117

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This paper presents a comparative study on the tetragonal magnetostriction constant,λ γ,2 , [ = (3/2)λ 100 ] and magnetoelastic coupling, b 1 , of binary Fe 100-xZ x (0 < x < 35, Z = Al, Ga, Ge, and Si) and ternary Fe-Ga-Al and Fe-Ga-Ge alloys. The quantities are corrected for magnetostrains due to sample geometry (the magnetostrictive form effect). Recently published elastic constant data along with magnetization measurements at both room temperature and 77 K make these corrections possible. The form effect correction lowers the magnetostriction by ∼10 ppm for high-modulus alloys and by as much as 30 ppm for low-modulus alloys. The elastic constants are also used to determine the values of the magnetoelastic coupling constant, b 1 . With the new magnetostriction data on the Fe-Al-Ga alloy, it is possible to show how the double peak magnetostriction feature of the binary Fe-Ga alloy flows into the single peak binary Fe-Al alloy. The corrected magnetostriction and magnetoelastic coupling data for the various alloys are also compared using the electron-per-atom ratio, e/a, as the common variable. The Hume-Rothery rules link thee/a ratio to the regions of phase stability, which appear to be intimately related to the magnetostriction versus the solute concentration curve in these alloys. Using e/a as the abscissa tends to align the peaks in the magnetostriction and magnetoelastic coupling for the Fe-Ga, Fe-Ge, Fe-Al, Fe-Ga-Al, and Fe-Ga-Ge alloys, but not for the Fe-Si alloys for which the larger atomic size difference may play a greater role in phase stabilization. Corrections for the form effect are also presented for the rhombohedral magnetostriction,λ ɛ,2 , and the magnetoelastic coupling, b 2 , of Fe 100-x Ga x (0 < x < 35) alloys.Keywords aluminium alloys, elastic constants, elastic moduli, gallium alloys, germanium alloys, iron alloys, magnetisation, magnetoelastic effects, magnetostriction, silicon alloys Disciplines Condensed Matter Physics | Metallurgy CommentsThe following article is from Journal of Applied Physics 111 (2012) This paper presents a comparative study on the tetragonal magnetostriction constant, k c,2 , [ ¼ (3/2) k 100 ] and magnetoelastic coupling, b 1 , of binary Fe 100-x Z x (0 < x < 35, Z ¼ Al, Ga, Ge, and Si) and ternary Fe-Ga-Al and Fe-Ga-Ge alloys. The quantities are corrected for magnetostrains due to sample geometry (the magnetostrictive form effect). Recently published elastic constant data along with magnetization measurements at both room temperature and 77 K make these corrections possible. The form effect correction lowers the magnetostriction by $10 ppm for high-modulus alloys and by as much as 30 ppm for low-modulus alloys. The elastic constants are also used to determine the values of the magnetoelastic coupling constant, b 1 . With the new magnetostriction data on the Fe-Al-Ga alloy, it is possible to show how the double peak magnetostriction feature of the binary Fe-Ga alloy flows into the single peak binary Fe-Al alloy. The corrected magnetostriction and magnetoel...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetragonal magnetostriction and magnetoelastic coupling in Fe-Al, Fe-Ga, Fe-Ge, Fe-Si, Fe-Ga-Al, and Fe-Ga-Ge alloys

Restorff

Wun‐Fogle

Hathaway

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Physics

Self Cite

117

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“…11 These values are close to those macroscopically measured from pure Fe and Fe-19 at. % Ga single crystals, 6 respectively. However, the macroscopic ͑3 / 2͒ 100 measured with a miniature capacitance dilatometer is 700 ppm for an Fe-19 at.…”

Section: -mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neglecting the value of calculated strain, the magnetostriction sign of the Fe-Ga D0 3 phase was predicted to be negative, in contrast to the positive strain observed experimentally. 6 Recently, the calculation methods have been improved and these provide better agreement with experimental results, 7 for the discrete structural models employed in the calculations. These structural models provide insight into favored Ga atomic arrangements but do not correctly capture the nature of the experimentally observed nonrandom distributions of Ga atoms present in the bcc lattice.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental exploration of the origin of magnetostriction in single crystalline iron

Xing

Lograsso

Ruffoni

et al. 2010

Applied Physics Letters

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The magnetostrictive atomic strain in a pure Fe single crystal was measured by differential x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The obtained tetragonal magnetostriction constant, (3/2)λ100, was determined to be 45 ppm, consistent with the previously reported theoretical value calculated from a spin-orbit coupling theory. These results provide a foundation for understanding the origin of magnetostriction in pure Fe as well as Fe-based binary alloys.

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“…17 Additional experiments to test this prediction, aimed at observing changes in magnetostriction based on electron occupancy were, however, not successful. 18 Heterogeneities have also been observed in FeB at concentrations just below the eutectic point. 19 Although they were not fully identified, they were associated with the highly metastable orthorhombic Fe 3 B phase, of similar structure as cementite, which has reported Invar properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Determination of the magnetostrictive atomic environments in FeCoB alloys

et al. 2012

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The atomic environments of Fe and Co involved in the magnetostriction effect in FeCoB alloys have been identified by differential extended x-ray fine structure (DiffEXAFS) spectroscopy. The study, done in amorphous and polycrystalline FeCoB films, demonstrates that the alloys are heterogeneous and that boron plays a crucial role in the origin of their magnetostrictive properties. The analysis of DiffEXAFS in the polycrystalline and amorphous alloys indicates that boron activates magnetostriction when entering as an impurity into octahedral interstitial sites of the Fe bcc lattice, causing its tetragonal distortion. Magnetostriction would be explained then by the relative change in volume when the tetragonal axis of the site is reoriented under an externally applied magnetic field. The experiment demonstrates the extreme sensitivity of DiffEXAFS to characterize magnetostrictive environments that are undetectable in their related EXAFS spectra.

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Magnetostriction of binary and ternary Fe–Ga alloys

Cited by 161 publications

References 31 publications

Tetragonal magnetostriction and magnetoelastic coupling in Fe-Al, Fe-Ga, Fe-Ge, Fe-Si, Fe-Ga-Al, and Fe-Ga-Ge alloys

Tetragonal magnetostriction and magnetoelastic coupling in Fe-Al, Fe-Ga, Fe-Ge, Fe-Si, Fe-Ga-Al, and Fe-Ga-Ge alloys

Experimental exploration of the origin of magnetostriction in single crystalline iron

Determination of the magnetostrictive atomic environments in FeCoB alloys

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