“…). Recently, the flow and heat transfer issues of nanofluids (carry liquids with nanostructures) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] and rarefied gases (gases in relatively low-density environments) [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] at the mini/microscale have arisen from reductions in the size of fluidic devices or their new applications in practice, e.g., microchip cooling, microheat exchanging, microelectrochemical cell transport, microreactor hydrogenation-reaction conduction [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The physical aspects in microfluidic devices may deviate from those presented at the macroscale.…”