Magnifying perfect lens and superlens design by coordinate transformation

Tsang, Mankei; Psaltis, Demetri

doi:10.1103/physrevb.77.035122

Cited by 144 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Practical configurations of the hyperlens were proposed by different groups, including a cylindrical geometry 15,25,26 , tapered metallic wire arrays [27][28][29][30] or uniquely designed material dispersions [31][32][33][34] . To circumvent the problem of absorption in real materials and thereby avoid image distortions in the far field, proper configurational design must ensure that all rays originating from the object plane travel equal path lengths through the metamaterial.…”

Section: Physics Of the Hyperlensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperlenses and metalenses for far-field super-resolution imaging

2012

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The resolution of conventional optical lens systems is always hampered by the diffraction limit. Recent developments in artificial metamaterials provide new avenues to build hyperlenses and metalenses that are able to image beyond the diffraction limit. Hyperlenses project super-resolution information to the far field through a magnification mechanism, whereas metalenses not only super-resolve subwavelength details but also enable optical Fourier transforms. Recently, there have been numerous designs for hyperlenses and metalenses, bringing fresh theoretical and experimental advances, though future directions and challenges remain to be overcome.O ptical microscopy has revolutionized many fields such as microelectronics, biology and medicine. However, the resolution of a conventional optical lens system is always limited by diffraction to about half the wavelength of light. This diffraction barrier arises from the fact that subwavelength information from an object is carried by high spatial-frequency evanescent waves, which only exist in the near field. To overcome this diffraction limit, pioneering work has been carried out, including near-field scanning microscopy 1 , as well as fluorescence-based imaging methods 2,3 . These scanning-or random sampling-based nonprojection techniques achieve super-resolving power by sacrificing imaging speed, making them uncompetitive for dynamic imaging.Lens-based projection imaging remains the best option for high-speed microscopy. Immersion techniques have been proposed to enhance resolution, but they are limited by the low refractive indices of natural materials 4 . Emerging within the last decade, the fields of plasmonics and metamaterials provide solutions for engineering extraordinary material properties not found in nature, such as negative index of refraction 5,6 or strongly anisotropic materials 7,8 . This has provided tremendous opportunities for novel lens designs with unprecedented resolution 9 . Initiated by Pendry's seminal concept of the perfect lens 10 , a number of superlenses were demonstrated with resolving powers beyond the diffraction limit [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . The optical superlens first achieved sub-diffraction-limited resolution by enhancing evanescent waves through a slab of silver 11 . As the evanescent-field enhancement is enabled by surface plasmon excitation, the subwavelength image is typically limited to the near field of the metal slab. However, the hyperlens-a metamaterial-based lens-can send super-resolution images into the far field by introducing a magnification mechanism. This has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for practical applications since its first demonstration in 2007 (refs 13,14). Recently, various other metamaterial-based lenses, that is, metalenses, have also been developed with both

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Section: Physics Of the Hyperlensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperlenses and metalenses for far-field super-resolution imaging

2012

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“…Their success has aroused great interests, and the method, transformation optics, coupled with the emerging metamaterial technology, has been intensively explored in various designs such as cloaks [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], perfect lenses [14][15][16], concentrators [17,18], and other novel devices [19][20][21]. Being an indispensable part in telecommunication systems, many new types of antennas have also been proposed based on this powerful tool [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Planar Focusing Antenna Design With the Quasi-Conformal Mapping

Mei¹,

Bai²,

Niu³

et al. 2010

PIER M

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Abstract-We propose a planar focusing antenna design, which has the same performance as its parabolic counterparts and can be realized using PEC-backed gradient index dielectrics. In this design, quasi-conformal transformation optics is first utilized to transform a parabolic surface into a planar one, then the anisotropy factor of the resultant material is minimized, and the material is approximately treated as isotropic. Examples with realizable material parameters are given, and the simulation results validate the design. The proposed method could be used to design planar focusing antennas with high directivity and similar devices. The idea can also be applied to new device designs in optics engineering.

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“…Although the initial application of this theory is in designing invisibility cloaks [2,4], a wide range of unconventional optical and electromagnetic (EM) devices have also been proposed based on this concept. For example, Chen et al designed field rotators in which the incident EM wave shall rotate a certain angle to appear as coming from a different direction [5,6]; Luo et al designed field concentrators which can make the power flow of the incident wave concentrated within a given region [6][7][8][9]; besides, several kinds of superlenses [10][11][12][13][14] have also been proposed by researchers. Based on the transformation optics, this paper proposes a general and rigorous method to tailor a class of reflectors which will have the same optical properties as a conic reflector-that is, parabolic, hyperbolic, or elliptic reflector-while maintaining planar profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flattening of conic reflectors via a transformation method

Luo¹,

He²,

Zhu³

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. A

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This paper presents a general and rigorous transformation method to tailor planar conic reflectors. The proposed method enables the designed reflectors to scatter or reflect incident light in the same manner as a conic reflector while the whole device as well as the reflector would maintain planar profiles. In order to reduce the overall size, especially the aperture of the reflector, we further apply a set of compressed and folded spatial mapping to the planar reflectors. Planar reflectors with reduced sizes are finally obtained which may be useful in several optical and electromagnetic applications.

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Magnifying perfect lens and superlens design by coordinate transformation

Cited by 144 publications

References 36 publications

Hyperlenses and metalenses for far-field super-resolution imaging

Hyperlenses and metalenses for far-field super-resolution imaging

A Planar Focusing Antenna Design With the Quasi-Conformal Mapping

Flattening of conic reflectors via a transformation method

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