Magnitude of impaired fasting glucose and undiagnosed diabetic mellitus and associated risk factors among adults living in Woreta town, northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study, 2021

Abstract

Background Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is an early warning system that provides prior information to prevent the future development of DM and diabetes-related problems, but early detection of DM is not practically applicable in Ethiopia. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of impaired fasting glucose and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated factors. Methods A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 30, 2021. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Anthropometric measurements were also recorded. A fasting blood sugar (FBS) test was assessed by samples taken early in the morning. Epi-Info 7.2.5.0 was used to enter data, which was then exported to SPSS 25 for analysis. To identify factors associated with IFG, logistics regression was used. The level of statistical significance was declared at p 0.05. Result Three hundred and twenty-four (324) participants with a mean age of 43.76 ± 17.29 years were enrolled. The overall magnitude of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) were 43.2% and 10.0%, respectively. Waist circumference (AOR: 1.72, 95% CI 1.23–3.14), hypertension (AOR: 3.48, 95% CI 1.35–8.89), family history of Diabetic mellitus (AOR: 2.34, 95% CI 1.37–5.79) and hypertriglyceridemia (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI 1.41–5.43) were found to be independently associated with impaired fasting glucose. Conclusion Individuals who are overweight, hypertriglyceridemia, and are hypertensive should have regular checkups and community-based screening.

Unmasking the silent epidemic: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of undiagnosed diabetes in Ethiopian adults

“…These findings underscore the importance of integrating family history assessments into diabetes risk evaluations for tailored interventions in Ethiopia. Consistent evidence across multiple studies reinforces the necessity for healthcare practitioners to consider familial predisposition in enhancing preventive measures and early interventions for UDM ( 44 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 59 , 63 , 65 – 67 ).…”

“…The pooled odds ratio for individuals with a high waist circumference showed a more than sixfold increase in the vulnerability to UDM when compared to those with a lower waist circumference (Pooled Odds Ratio (POR): 6.32; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 4.50-8.15; I2 = 0.0%). This comprehensive review, encompassing seven studies, consistently highlighted high waist circumference as a significant determinant of undiagnosed UDM ( 53 – 57 , 61 , 62 , 66 ).…”

“…The individual study cohorts ranged in size from 237 ( 44 ) to 4,371 ( 45 ) participants. The majority of the studies retrieved (n = 9) were conducted in the Amhara region ( 44 , 46 – 53 ) followed by Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ (SNNP) region of Ethiopia (n=7) ( 54 – 60 ), Oromia region (n=6) ( 45 , 61 – 65 ), Addis Ababa (n=2) ( 66 , 67 ), and Dire Dawa City Administration (n=1) ( 68 ).…”