Magnitude of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Children in Doda (Jammu and Kashmir), India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: The goal of our study was to determine the magnitude, prevalence and severity of iron deficiency anemia among children in Doda (J&K) India. Methods: It was a prospective, cross-sectional, multistage hospital-based and outpatient department (OPD) study of apparently healthy children who visited our Hospital/OPD clinic for follow-up from different regions of district Doda from February 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022. Five hundred children aged 6 months–12 years were included in our study. The sociodemographic data of subjects were collected using a structured questionnaire. 5 mL of venous blood sample was collected for complete blood count. Hemoglobin level was estimated, along with indices. Anemia was classified into mild (≤12 g/dl – >10 g/dl), moderate (≤10 g/dl – >7 g/dl), and severe (≤7 g/dl), respectively. Microcytic hypochromic picture using indices was considered for labeling iron deficiency. The dietary pattern of children was assessed using questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were done. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Results: Overall, the prevalence of anemia was 77.6%. Out of the total vegetarians, 60.1% were anemic. Poor family status particularly families with low income <5000 Rs. per month and less education were more prone to develop anemia. Another important predictor of IDA was no anti-parasitic medications in 60.4%. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia in children seems less severe public health problem; however, its consequences are disastrous and a huge burden on health, wealth and workforce. Parents need special counseling sessions for understanding its magnitude. Recommendations to put preventive strategies in place and mass awareness of people about the consequences of iron deficiency anemia should be made.