Magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and its correlation with academic performance among female medical and health science students at University of Gondar, Ethiopia, 2019: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and associated factors among female students of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, 2019.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study design.SettingCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.Participants386 participants were recruited for self-administered interview using the stratified followed by simple random sampling technique.MeasurementData were collected by self-administered interview. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) was used to measure PMDD. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Oslo-3 social support are used to assess the factors. The data were checked, cleaned and entered into EpiData V.3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) V.21.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regressions were used. OR with 95% CI was employed to see the strength of associations between dependent and independent variables. Variables with a p value <0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were declared as significantly associated.Result386 participants were involved in the study, with a response rate of 84.6%. The overall magnitude of PMDD in this study was 34.7% (30.3 to 39.1). Severe menstrual pain (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.82, 95% CI: 1.83 to 4.23), perception of an impact on academic performance due to menstrual pain (AOR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.23 to 4.32), and high perceived stress (AOR=3.52, 95% CI: 2.58 to 5.60) were significantly associated with PMDD disorder among female medical and health sciences students.ConclusionPMDD is high among female medical and health sciences students. Thus, it needs early screening and intervention especially for those who have severe menstrual pain, perceived to have an impact on academic performance and high perceived stress.

Effectiveness of STP on knowledge regarding prevalence and Management of Pre-menstrual syndrome among adolescent girls

“…PMS, which is characterized by one or more physical, emotional or behavioral symptoms during the days before menstruation, was found in 94.8% of women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years). 6 In India, it was shown that 12.2% had PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder) and 67% were not interested in going to school during menstruation, and 71% reported lack of concentration during study hours. Different community-based surveys showed that the point prevalence of PMDD among women across the globe ranged from 1.2% to 6.4%.…”

“…A Nigerian study also stated that PMDD prevalence in the country was 36.1%.The studies conducted in other universities of Ethiopia showed that the prevalence of PMDD ranged from 13.8% to 66.9% among medical and health science students. 6 World Health Organization 2014, with statistics consistently showing that women make more frequent attempts to end their own lives than men, it is imperative that we further understand the reasons underlying suicidal behaviors in women, in order to inform future prevention and treatment. The factors that drive an individual to suicide are often complex and varied; however, there is an increasing body of evidence that menstruation may play a significant role for some women.…”

Effect of Foot Reflexology Protocol on Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms in Nursing Students: a Pre–Post Pilot Study

“…Menstrual pain may also increase anxiety, tension, sensitivity to rejection by others, and irritability. (2) It is important to differentiate PMS f rom Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), which is a more serious subtype with predominantly psychological symptoms. (3) It is estimated that 5% to 20% of women worldwide have moderate-to-severe premenstrual complaints during their reproductive life, and up to 75% of all women of reproductive age may experience PMS symptoms.…”

“…(3) It is estimated that 5% to 20% of women worldwide have moderate-to-severe premenstrual complaints during their reproductive life, and up to 75% of all women of reproductive age may experience PMS symptoms. (2) A study with a college population in a Turkish university found the prevalence of PMS alone and with dysmenorrhea was 71.3% and 65.9%, respectively; and up to 60% mentioned moderate or severe symptoms of PSM, VIEIRA: FOOT REFLEXOLOGY ON PREMENSTRUAL SYMPTOMS conventional medical curriculum, (10) exploring an expansion of the health-disease process and promotion of human care. The popularity of alternative medicine has increased due to the growing search for holistic approaches which emphasize integrating the body, mind, and spirit, along with physical symptoms, in improving health care and well-being.…”

“…(8) There are reports that PMS affects students' academic performance. (2) Despite divergences in the literature in both the diagnosis and treatment of PMS and in the beginning and end of its symptoms, this study will consider the most comprehensive possible situation in which the symptoms start at the time of ovulation, reach a climax in the last five premenstrual days, (9) and are relieved with the onset of menstrual flow, or a few days after it.…”