Magnitude of Preterm Birth and Its Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study at Butajira Hospital, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background. Preterm birth infants are at a greater risk of mortality and a variety of health and developmental problems; reliable data support that this rate is increasing in almost all countries. The purpose is to find the magnitude of preterm birth and its associated factors among newborns delivered at Butajira Hospital, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region, Ethiopia. Methods. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 304 maternity cards using the systematic sampling method during May 1_21 in 2019. The data collection was performed using a structured case record form. The data were entered into EpiData software (version 3.1) and analyzed using SPSS software (version 21). Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to identify the associated factors at 95% CI. Results. Overall magnitude of preterm birth was observed to be 15.5%. The factors significantly associated with the preterm birth were preeclampsia (AOR=4.0; 95% CI: 1.6-10.0), and premature rupture of fetal membranes (AOR=4.2; 95% CI: 1.4-12.9). Conclusion. Preterm birth is still public concern in the study area. The concerned administrative body should implement health education programs and improve the quality of health care delivered to pregnant mothers to control these associated factors and, consequently, promote public health in the study area.

Is preterm birth associated with intimate partner violence and maternal malnutrition during pregnancy in Ethiopia? A systematic review and meta analysis

“…Four studies were excluded due to lack of an outcome of interest or no reported outcome of interest [ 48 ], and the remaining one article was excluded due to a lack of access to the full text [ 49 ]. 23 studies [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ] were included in the final quantitative meta-analysis to estimate pooled preterm birth ( Figure 1 ).

Figure 1 PRISMA flow diagram of preterm birth in Ethiopia.

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“…Of those, three studies showed a significant association between the presence of at least one ANC visit with preterm birth [ 33 , 38 , 56 , 64 ] versus zero visits, and four studies showed absence of association between the presence of at least one ANC visit and preterm birth [ 29 , 37 , 50 , 55 ]. Seven primary studies showed there was a significant association between the frequency of four or more ANC visits versus less than or equal to four visits and preterm birth [ 30 , 33 , 51 ] and no association based on four studies [ 54 , 64 , 65 ]. Thus, the meta-analysis revealed that the presence of at least 1 ANC visit as well as having four or more frequent antenatal care visit interventions are modifiable predictors that reduce the odds of preterm birth.…”

“…The pooled effect of 6 studies [ 29 , 31 , 33 , 50 , 54 , 64 ] showed that women who completed ANC visits had a reduced risk of preterm birth among live births in Ethiopia. Thus, women who had ANC were 61% [POR = 0.39 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.72)] less likely to have preterm birth than those women who didn't have any ANC visits during pregnancy.…”

“…The largest sample size was 50, 787 of live births in a national level study, and the smallest sample was 220 live births from one geographic region conducted in the Oromia Region [50]. All studies were conducted in the six geographic regions of Ethiopia; 8 studies (38.1%) were from the Amhara region [29,38,51,52,58,60,61,62], 7 (33.3%) were from the Tigray Region [30,35,55,63], four (18.2%) were from Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Representative (SNNPR) [53,54,56], three (9.5%) were from the Oromia Region [50,57,59], and the remaining two (9.5%) were from the Addiss Ababa [34] and Harar Regions (Table 1) [31]. The included studies were deemed fair to good quality based on the NOS quality assessment tool (Supplement 2).…”

“…A meta-analysis reported on preterm birth and the effect of hypertension, multiple pregnancies, antepartum hemorrhage, and chronic illness on preterm birth [ 32 ], yet the pooled prevalence was limited to only four of the nine regions in the country and did not address modifiable risk factors for preterm birth such as intimate partner violence (IPV) and maternal malnutrition. Hence, there was inconclusive and inconsistent findings across the country [ 29 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of preterm birth and its association with IPV and maternal malnutrion among women in Ethiopia.…”