Magnitude of vertical ground reaction force during water-based exercises in women with obesity

Alberton, Cristine Lima; Fonseca, Bruna Amaral; Nunes, Gabriela Neves; Bergamin, Marco; Pinto, Stéphanie Santana

doi:10.1080/14763141.2021.1872690

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Among the aforementioned studies, recent findings by Alberton et al [13] are noteworthy. The authors measured Fz during water aerobic exercises in adult women with grade 1 obesity and found a 60% reduction in the Fz peak (Fz peak ) during the stationary running exercise performed at a submaximal intensity in the aquatic compared to the land environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Studies have also shown that apparent weight was reduced by approximately 70% when eutrophic adult individuals were immersed at the xiphoid process level [11,12]. The magnitude of reduction was even higher, of close to 81%, in adult women with obesity [13]. Consequently, this reduction in apparent weight results in a lower mechanical overload on the lower-limb joints during exercises performed in the water environment [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Consequently, this reduction in apparent weight results in a lower mechanical overload on the lower-limb joints during exercises performed in the water environment [14]. The reduction in vertical ground reaction force (Fz) during different modes of aquatic exercise, such as water walking, running, jumping, and water aerobic exercises, compared to the same modalities performed on land is well recognized in the literature [11,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. However, we are not aware of any study so far that has compared Fz between the aquatic and dry-land environments in children, whether eutrophic or with overweight and obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors measured Fz during water aerobic exercises in adult women with grade 1 obesity and found a 60% reduction in the Fz peak (Fz peak ) during the stationary running exercise performed at a submaximal intensity in the aquatic compared to the land environment. Thus, it appears that the reduction in Fz peak during exercise in the aquatic environment can be even more significant for individuals with obesity than for those with normal weight (40 to 47%) [24,25], possibly due to differences in body density [13]. Moreover, increasing the stationary running intensity in women with obesity from submaximal to maximal resulted in a 6 to 25% increase in Fz peak in water, whereas the same intensity manipulation resulted in a more pronounced increase of 44 to 50% on land [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it appears that the reduction in Fz peak during exercise in the aquatic environment can be even more significant for individuals with obesity than for those with normal weight (40 to 47%) [24,25], possibly due to differences in body density [13]. Moreover, increasing the stationary running intensity in women with obesity from submaximal to maximal resulted in a 6 to 25% increase in Fz peak in water, whereas the same intensity manipulation resulted in a more pronounced increase of 44 to 50% on land [13]. This suggests that water-based exercises allow individuals to reach higher energy expenditure without equivalent increases in Fz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Water-Based Exercise on Vertical Ground Reaction Forces in Overweight Children: A Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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The aquatic environment represents an adequate and safe alternative for children with overweight to exercise. However, the magnitude of the vertical ground reaction force (Fz) during these exercises is unknown in this population. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the Fz during the stationary running exercise between the aquatic and land environments in children with overweight or obesity. The study is characterized as a cross-over study. Seven children, two with overweight and five with obesity (4 boys and 3 girls; 9.7 ± 0.8 years), performed two experimental sessions, one on land and another in the aquatic environment. In both conditions, each participant performed 15 repetitions of the stationary running exercise at three different cadences (60, 80, and 100 b min−1) in a randomized order. Their apparent weight was reduced by 72.1 ± 10.4% on average at the xiphoid process depth. The peak Fz, impulse, and loading rate were lower in the aquatic environment than on land (p < 0.001). Peak Fz was also lower at 80 b min−1 compared to 100 b min−1 (p = 0.005) and loading rate was higher at 100 b min−1 compared to 80 b min−1 (p = 0.003) and 60 b min−1 (p < 0.001) in the aquatic environment, whereas impulse was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) with the increasing cadence in both environments. It can be concluded that the aquatic environment reduces all the Fz outcomes investigated during stationary running and that exercise intensity seems to influence all these outcomes in the aquatic environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%