Magnocellular Projections as the Trigger of Top-Down Facilitation in Recognition

Kveraga, Kestutis; Boshyan, Jasmine; Bär, Markus

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3481-07.2007

Cited by 355 publications

(431 citation statements)

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“…Bar et al (43) found greater phase locking between the occipital and orbitofrontal cortex and later, between the orbitofrontal and fusiform cortex when stimuli were successfully recognized rather than unrecognized. The same pattern of phase-locking enhancement was observed when the stimuli were low-pass filtered rather than high-pass filtered (magnocellular-biased low-spatial frequency stimuli have been shown to facilitate object recognition through the orbitofrontal cortex) (41,43,44). Similarly, Ghuman et al (55) recently showed that facilitation of visual object recognition using repetition resulted in greater phase locking between the dorsal prefrontal and fusiform cortex, occurring between 190 and 270 ms in the low (∼14 Hz) β-frequency band.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Finally, to examine whether this phase locking was specific to CA processing and the core context regions and not any object recognition-related processes and regions, we also tested phase locking between regions that we have previously observed to be activated in both fMRI and MEG during object recognition (41,43,44). Specifically, we additionally examined phase locking between the fusiform and orbitofrontal cortex and between these regions and the occipital cortex, PHC, RSC, and MPFC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, we wanted to know when and under what conditions contextual associations (CA) modulate functional communication between the PHC, RSC, and MPFC as well as the visual cortex and possibly, other visual object processing regions, such as the fusiform and orbitofrontal cortex (36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44). Therefore, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics and cross-cortical communication within the contextual associations network as well as with other regions involved in visual recognition.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Early onset of neural synchronization in the contextual associations network

Kveraga

Ghuman

Kassam

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

105

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Objects are more easily recognized in their typical context. However, is contextual information activated early enough to facilitate the perception of individual objects, or is contextual facilitation caused by postperceptual mechanisms? To elucidate this issue, we first need to study the temporal dynamics and neural interactions associated with contextual processing. Studies have shown that the contextual network consists of the parahippocampal, retrosplenial, and medial prefrontal cortices. We used functional MRI, magnetoencephalography, and phase synchrony analyses to compare the neural response to stimuli with strong or weak contextual associations. The context network was activated in functional MRI and preferentially synchronized in magnetoencephalography (MEG) for stimuli with strong contextual associations. Phase synchrony increased early (150-250 ms) only when it involved the parahippocampal cortex, whereas retrosplenial-medial prefrontal cortices synchrony was enhanced later (300-400 ms). These results describe the neural dynamics of context processing and suggest that context is activated early during object perception.phase locking | oscillations | beta | visual cognition W e know from experience that specific contexts are associated with specific objects. Seeing a jumbo-sized bucket of popcorn in a movie theater would not surprise anyone familiar with American movie theaters. However, at the opera, champagne and chocolate might be the more common sight. Whether and how context can facilitate visual recognition has been the subject of much research and vigorous debate. Behavioral research studying the effects of contextual information in visual perception has shown that information about context can facilitate recognition of visual scenes and objects (1-5). However, Hollingworth and Henderson (6) have argued that at least some of this contextual facilitation is attributable to a response bias and that any contextual influence may be the result of later postidentification processes rather than early activation of contextual information during recognition (6, 7). Here, we address the central question of when in the recognition process contextual information is activated by examining the temporal dynamics of neural regions involved in processing contextual information. Furthermore, we use this information regarding the temporal dynamics of the areas involved in contextual processing to help elucidate the functions of the individual members of the context network.In the past decade, neuroimaging studies using stimuli with strong and weak contextual associations have identified the components and basic properties of the network that mediates context-based associations; studies (8-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early onset of neural synchronization in the contextual associations network

Kveraga

Ghuman

Kassam

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

105

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“…The semantic interference of LSF over HSF scene categorization was previously interpreted in the context of the proactive model of visual recognition proposed by Bar and colleagues (Bar, 2003(Bar, , 2007Bar et al, 2006;Kveraga, Boshyan, & Bar, 2007;Trapp & Bar, 2015). According to this model, fast processing of LSF information allows us to generate coarse predictions about the nature of the visual input in the orbitofrontal cortex.…”

Section: Impact For Neurobiological Models Of Scene Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does information from low and high spatial frequencies interact during scene categorization?

et al. 2017

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Current models of visual perception suggest that, during scene categorization, low spatial frequencies (LSF) are rapidly processed and activate plausible interpretations of visual input. This coarse analysis would be used to guide subsequent processing of high spatial frequencies (HSF). The present study aimed to further examine how information from LSF and HSF interact and influence each other during scene categorization. In a first experimental session, participants had to categorize LSF and HSF filtered scenes belonging to two different semantic categories (artificial vs. natural). In a second experimental session, we used hybrid scenes as stimuli made by combining LSF and HSF from two different scenes which were semantically similar or dissimilar. Half of the participants categorized LSF scenes in hybrids, and the other half categorized HSF scenes in hybrids. Stimuli were presented for 30 or 100 ms. Session 1 results showed better performance for LSF than HSF scene categorization. Session 2 scene categorization was faster when participants attended and categorized LSF than HSF scene in hybrids. The semantic interference of a semantically dissimilar HSF scene on LSF scene categorization was greater than the semantic interference of a semantically dissimilar LSF scene on HSF scene categorization, irrespective of exposure duration. These results suggest a LSF advantage for scene categorization, and highlight the prominent role of HSF information when there is uncertainty about the visual stimulus, in order to disentangle between alternative interpretations. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Raftopoulos, 2009, p. 33). … magnocellular projections to association areas in the brain (e.g., orbitofrontal cortex) quickly project back to visual centers, helping guide even simple object recognition (Kveraga et al 2007), and all within the first ~200 ms of visual input (Bar et al 2006). Thus, we must consider the importance of top-down integration of contextual meaning when guiding and organizing social visual processing.…”

Section: Expressing Emotions: Sensitivity Vs Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Visual experience: rich but impenetrable

Toribio

2015

Synthese

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According to so-called "thin" views about the content of experience, we can only visually experience low-level features such as colour, shape, texture or motion. According to so-called "rich" views, we can also visually experience some high-level properties, such as being a pine tree or being threatening. One of the standard objections against rich views is that high-level properties can only be represented at the level of judgment. In this paper, I first challenge this objection by relying on some recent studies in social vision. Secondly, I tackle a different but related issue, namely, the idea that, if the content of experience is rich, then perception is cognitively penetrable. Against this thesis, I argue that the very same criteria that help us vindicate the truly sensory nature of our rich experiences speak against their being cognitively penetrable.Keywords: visual experience; high-level properties; low-level properties; cognitive penetrability; social vision. Acknowledgements 2 Visual experience: rich but impenetrable AbstractAccording to so-called "thin" views about the content of experience, we can only visually experience low-level features such as colour, shape, texture or motion. According to so-called "rich" views, we can also visually experience some high-level properties, such as being a pine tree or being threatening. One of the standard objections against rich views is that high-level properties can only be represented at the level of judgment. In this paper, I first challenge this objection by relying on some recent studies in social vision. Secondly, I tackle a different but related issue, namely, the idea that, if the content of experience is rich, then perception is cognitively penetrable. Against this thesis, I argue that the very same criteria that help us vindicate the truly sensory nature of our rich experiences speak against their being cognitively penetrable.

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Magnocellular Projections as the Trigger of Top-Down Facilitation in Recognition

Cited by 355 publications

References 80 publications

Early onset of neural synchronization in the contextual associations network

Early onset of neural synchronization in the contextual associations network

How does information from low and high spatial frequencies interact during scene categorization?

Visual experience: rich but impenetrable

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