Mahalanobis Distances on Factor Model Based Estimation

Dai, Deliang

doi:10.3390/econometrics8010010

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Since the data were on a Likert scale, the normality assumption was assumed to be observed. The multivariate outliers were examined using the Mahalanobis Distances at probability values of less than .001 to the right-tail of the chi-square distribution (Dai, 2020). 58 cases reported the Mahalanobis distance of more than 90.57866 with the probability of less than 0.001, hence they were treated as outliers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer Orientation and Competitor Awareness on Firm Performance in the Bottled Water Industry

Ichoroh

2021

EJMI

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Purpose: To assess the Influence of strategic positioning indicators namely customer orientation and competitor awareness on firm performance in the bottled water Industry, with sector standards as a moderating variable. Design/Method/Approach: This study adopted a quantitative methodology and cross-sectional explanatory study design of which a sample of 424 licensed bottled water firms were randomly selected. Structured questionnaires were distributed to the managers and a factor analysis was used to reduce the number of variables and establish the underlying constructs, while the analysis of moments of structures was applied to develop theory. Findings: It was found that there exists a positive and significant relationship among consumer orientation and competitor awareness on firm performance. The moderating effect of water sector standards on consumer orientation and firm performance was found to be statistically significant and operates fully or in part as a mediating variable in predicting the influence of competitor awareness on firm performance. Theoretical Implication: This study concluded that to enhance firms’ performance measured in terms of growth, there is need to manage and sustain consumers’ needs based on gender and age preferences, buying behavior as well as conducting market analysis and have internal capability to retaliate. Originality/Value: This study will not only add value to the existing body of knowledge in strategic management, but will also address the application of strategic position to improve firm performance. Research Limitations/Future Research: Since the study was quantitative, there was risk of omitted variable and nonresponse bias, limited access to performance data and lack of previous research on the subject. Future research should extend to other categories of firms which have diverse decision processes and purchase intentions amongst consumers. Paper type: Empirical

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer Orientation and Competitor Awareness on Firm Performance in the Bottled Water Industry

Ichoroh

2021

EJMI

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“…There were no suspicious response patterns, nor missing data in the questions related to the variables and outliers. The outlier analysis was performed using the Mahalanobis distance, which is one of the most used approaches for outlier detection, mainly in multivariate data (Dai, 2020). Therefore, the final sample consisted of 139 responses from professionals from service companies from different sectors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical study on Lean and its impact on sustainability in services

Lizarelli

Chakraborty

Antony

et al. 2023

IJQRM

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PurposeLean implementation has become popular over the past three decades in the industry and is becoming more prevalent in, service organizations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of social and technical Lean practices on sustainable performance (i.e. economic, environmental and social) in service organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology includes the analysis of global results obtained from 139 managers from the service sector.FindingsThe results demonstrate that Lean practices have a positive effect on the three perspectives of sustainable performance, regardless of the company size and duration of Lean implementation. Furthermore, both social and technical Lean practices have a similar impact on environmental and economic performance, but their impact on social performance differs, since social Lean practices have a stronger impact on social performance.Practical implicationsThis study has a significant contribution to Lean practitioners in service sectors, as it demonstrates that efforts to apply Lean practices can benefit economic results as well as environmental and social performance.Originality/valueMajority of existing studies focused on the isolated impact of Lean on one of the triple bottom line performance aspects and with a scarcity of studies within the context of services. The intersection of these three strategic areas – Lean, sustainability and services – has not been extensively addressed. There is also a lack of studies that observe sustainability in environmental, social and economic performance, mainly in the service sector.

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