Main drivers of drainage pattern development in onshore Makran Accretionary Wedge, SE Iran

Kaveh‐Firouz, Amaneh; Mohammadi, Ali; Görüm, Tolga; Sarıkaya, Mehmet Akif; Alizadeh, Hamid; Akbaş, Abdullah; Mirarabi, Ali

doi:10.1007/s00531-022-02270-6

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…The hillslope angle is a metric dependent on the DEM scale and quality (Figure S1b in Supporting Information S1). In this context, a normalized metric of channel steepness ( k sn ) is also helpful for demonstrating either temporal or progressive changes in rock uplift or climate, and due to its positive empirical correlation with erosion rates, it is widely used in tectonic geomorphology (e.g., Adams et al., 2020; Forte et al., 2015; Haghipour & Burg, 2014; Kaveh‐Firouz et al., 2023; Kirby & Whipple, 2012; Mandal et al., 2015; Scherler et al., 2014; Wobus et al., 2006). This metric uses a reference concavity index ( θ ref = m / n ) to normalize the local channel slope ( S ) to the upstream drainage area ( A ) and is based on the Equation 1 (Flint, 1974; Kirby & Whipple, 2012):

{k}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{n}}={A}^{\theta \mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}}\,S

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonics, Base‐Level Fluctuations, and Climate Impact on the Eocene to Present‐Day Erosional Pattern of the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone (NNW Iranian Plateau and West Alborz Mountains)

et al. 2023

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The NNW Iranian Plateau and west Alborz within the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone are characterized by three main tectono‐stratigraphic zones, crosscut by the Qezel‐Owzan River (QOR) Basin. The interplay between present‐day deformation and climate, which control the landscape evolution of the region, is still poorly constrained. We addressed this gap by measuring millennial‐scale erosion rates from 10Be‐concentration in the QOR sands along with topographic/climatic metrics analyses. Results reveal low erosion rates in the Plateau and relatively high in the west Alborz. The regional consistency of topographic parameters with geomorphology suggests that they control sediment fluxes in the Plateau, while the surface uplift, active thrust‐faulting, and shallow crustal seismicity in the west Alborz are the main controlling factors. Climate has a secondary role on erosion rates. Furthermore, we calculated exhumation rates from published thermochronometric AFT/AHe ages to determine their relationship with 10Be short‐term data. Results imply that the exhumation rates increased slightly in the Plateau and west Alborz from ∼26 to ∼10 Ma, simultaneous with hard collision processes between the Arabia‐Eurasia. This trend accelerated from ∼10 to ∼2.8 Ma due to the isolation of the Caspian Sea and extreme base‐level fall. From ∼2.8 to ∼2 Ma, base‐level rise occurred under climate influence, and erosion rates decreased. Millennial‐scale data show the erosion rate decreased from ∼2 Ma to the Present‐day, which is attributed to the change in deformation style and fault kinematics from fold/thrusting to mainly strike‐slip faulting. The significantly lower erosion rates in the Plateau compared to west Alborz suggest a relatively stable plateau surface.

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{k}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{n}}={A}^{\theta \mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}}\,S

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonics, Base‐Level Fluctuations, and Climate Impact on the Eocene to Present‐Day Erosional Pattern of the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone (NNW Iranian Plateau and West Alborz Mountains)

et al. 2023

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“…to lower (east) catchments, as evidenced by higher uplift rates in the upper and middle parts than in the lower part (<0.5 mm/year; Saber et al, 2020). The course of the QOR in the eastern plateau margin follows the orientation of major structures (Figure 3c) as evidenced by its trellis pattern (Figure 7a), which is the case in several active zones, that is, Zagros, and Makran (e.g., Kaveh-Firouz et al, 2023b;Rangzan & Iqbaluddin, 1995). The ungraded shape of QOR profile is consistent with a geological structure in the middle part.…”

Section: Chi Maps and Plotsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Landscape evolution in orogenic plateaus: Insights from quantitative morphotectonic analysis of the Turkish–Iranian Plateau and Caucasus regions

Kaveh‐Firouz,

Burg,

Giachetta

2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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To investigate the recent landscape evolution of the orogenic Turkish–Iranian Plateau (TIP) and the Lesser/Greater Caucasus ranges, we perform a quantitative analysis of topography and drainage networks at a regional scale. This analysis focuses on climatic–topographic swath profiles, local relief distribution, longitudinal river profiles, normalized channel steepness index (ksn), paleo‐river profile, and chi analysis (χ). In general, we find that the evolution of topographic relief and river networks are locally controlled by Late Cenozoic volcanism, contrasts in rock strength, and neotectonic activity along regional tectonic structures. However, our results show that the influence of these factors on the landscape evolution of the Greater Caucasus is significantly different from the Lesser Caucasus and TIP. This study shows that a combination of enhanced aridity, rapid uplift of orographic barriers along the TIP margins, and exposure of resistant rock types associated with the regional volcanic activity resulted in low‐relief plateau and the Lesser Caucasus surfaces that are preserved in the upper/middle Kura–Arax and Qezel‐Owzan river catchments. High local relief in the flanks of the Greater Caucasus and west Alborz, downstream increase in channel steepness, and perturbations in the χ plots of the three main rivers indicate that the topography is in a transient state.We reconstruct the paleo‐river profiles from the relict section of the upper Kura–Arax and Qezel‐Owzan rivers and show that the last drastic fall of the Caspian base‐level, which occurred during the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene, can explain the incision of ~500–1000 m gorges (i.e., Amardos) below major knickpoints. Furthermore, local cross‐divide differences of the χ parameter reveal that disequilibrium in the plan‐form geometry of the drainage networks, attributed to the upstream migration of the regional knickpoints towards the plateau interior and integration of plateau areas into the external fluvial system.

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Aeolian and fluvial processes influence on dust storms of Hormuz Strait and Makran coastal plains (SE Iran); insight from geomorphic landforms, and sediment texture and mineralogy

Mohammadi

2023

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Main drivers of drainage pattern development in onshore Makran Accretionary Wedge, SE Iran

Cited by 6 publications

References 115 publications

Tectonics, Base‐Level Fluctuations, and Climate Impact on the Eocene to Present‐Day Erosional Pattern of the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone (NNW Iranian Plateau and West Alborz Mountains)

Tectonics, Base‐Level Fluctuations, and Climate Impact on the Eocene to Present‐Day Erosional Pattern of the Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone (NNW Iranian Plateau and West Alborz Mountains)

Landscape evolution in orogenic plateaus: Insights from quantitative morphotectonic analysis of the Turkish–Iranian Plateau and Caucasus regions

Aeolian and fluvial processes influence on dust storms of Hormuz Strait and Makran coastal plains (SE Iran); insight from geomorphic landforms, and sediment texture and mineralogy

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