“…Reconstructions of the Middle Pleistocene paleo-climates have been performed for some regions in the east of Russia, namely Primorye, Sakhalin Island and the Chukchi Peninsula (Korotky et al, 1997(Korotky et al, , 2005Pushkar and Cherepanova, 2001;Lozhkin et al, 2007). Insufficient research has been carried out on Middle Pleistocene sediments on the Kuril Islands, and the data available are often controversial (Kulakov, 1973;Melekestsev et al, 1974;Korotky and Makarova, 2006). Paleo-reconstructions are most often based on studies of marine terraces and coastal plains, where sediments are typically thin.…”