Main group cyanides: from hydrogen cyanide to cyanido-complexes

Abstract

Homoleptic cyanide compounds exist of almost all main group elements. While the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals form cyanide salts, the cyanides of the lighter main group elements occur mainly as covalent compounds. This review gives an overview of the status quo of main group element cyanides and cyanido complexes. Information about syntheses are included as well as applications, special substance properties, bond lengths, spectroscopic characteristics and computations. Cyanide chemistry is presented mainly from the field of inorganic chemistry, but aspects of chemical biology and astrophysics are also discussed in relation to cyano compounds.

On the Keto‐Enol‐Tautomerism of 2‐(1‐Hydroxyethylidene)malononitrile and Its Lewis Adduct Formation with B(C6F5)3

“…With highly pure 4 in hand, we started to investigate a possible isomerization process (Scheme 1) in solution by means of NMR experiments. 1 H NMR studies in D 2 O and CD 3 Cl revealed only one signal for the methyl protons (2.23 and 2.39 ppm, Figure S2) but neither an OH proton of the enol isomer 4 a nor a possible CH proton of the keto isomer 4 b (Scheme 2) could be detected. Also, no signal for a ketenimine 4 c was found.…”

“…Cyanides have played a vital role in organic and inorganic chemistry since the discovery of HCN by Scheele in 1782. [1] In addition to hydrocyanic acid, nitriles and dinitriles are also important starting materials in synthetic chemistry. Malononitrile (H 2 C(CN) 2 ), for example, is a commonly used chemical for the synthesis of precursors to form N-heterocycles.…”

“…Cyanides have played a vital role in organic and inorganic chemistry since the discovery of HCN by Scheele in 1782 [1] . In addition to hydrocyanic acid, nitriles and dinitriles are also important starting materials in synthetic chemistry.…”

Metal‐Mediated Oligomerization Reactions of the Cyaphide Anion

“…The cyanide ion is an important component of technologically relevant molecules and materials, such as Prussian Blue Analogues. [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ] Cyanide‐containing organic molecules, or nitriles, are also highly important in materials chemistry as monomer precursors to triazines, which are privileged scaffolds in reticular chemistry for the construction of framework materials, e.g. Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) and Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs).…”

Stabilization Of The CN35− Anion In Recoverable High‐pressure Ln3O2(CN3) (Ln=La, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Yb) Oxoguanidinates

“…Inorganic ternary metal-CÀ N compounds with covalently bonded CÀ N anions encompass important classes of solids. The most investigated classes are cyanides (CN À ) [1,2] and carbodiimides (NCN 2À ), [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] although more complex anions (i.e.…”