Main uses of Microwaves and Ultrasounds in Analytical Extraction Schemes: an Overview

Abstract

The utilization of microwaves and/or ultrasounds in analytical extraction procedures is a common practice nowadays. Both extraction approaches can be classified as routine/conventional tools. This chapter intends to give an overview of main applications of microwaves and/or ultrasounds as neat analytical approaches, assisting other extraction methods, or combined with other procedures in a hybrid strategy. Advances in the instrumentation together with the utilization of novel solvents will be also highlighted. The chapter will also show most common applications as a function of the nature of the analyte or the kind of sample analyzed.

Metal-Organic Frameworks in Green Analytical Chemistry

“…Improvements in analytical extraction methods from a GAC perspective include the reduction of analysis times by using, for example, ultrasounds or microwaves to accelerate the extraction step, particularly when dealing with solid samples [73]. Regarding miniaturization, GAC approaches include the generic liquid-phase microextraction (when the extraction solvent amount rarely exceeds 0.5 mL) [74,75] and solid-based miniaturized extraction (when the extraction sorbent amount is below 0.5 g) [76][77][78] methods.…”

Impact of different ultrasound-assisted processes for preparation of collagen hydrolysates from Asian bullfrog skin on characteristics and antioxidative properties

“…The ultrasound-assisted process (UAP) is another potential green technology because no chemicals are added and it can lower the formation of toxic compounds [8] . Ultrasound has been used to improve protein properties by enhancing enzyme activity, extracting components from materials, and modifying the availability and functional properties of several proteins [9] .…”