Maintaining <i>Legionella</i> control in building water systems

Sidari, Frank P.; Stout, Janet E.; Duda, Scott; Grubb, Doug; Neuner, Alan

doi:10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0147

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(30 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast to traditional fecal pathogens, OPs are native to freshwater and drinking water systems [ 19 ] and can proliferate in the building plumbing environment [ 20 – 24 ]. Also, many OPs are relatively tolerant of disinfectants [ 25 , 26 ], and broader strategies such as managing the microbial ecology, i.e. a “probiotic” approach, will ultimately be needed to effectively control OPs, as opposed to reliance on disinfectants alone [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Water Chemistry, Pipe Material and Stagnation on the Building Plumbing Microbiome

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A unique microbiome establishes in the portion of the potable water distribution system within homes and other buildings (i.e., building plumbing). To examine its composition and the factors that shape it, standardized cold water plumbing rigs were deployed at the treatment plant and in the distribution system of five water utilities across the U.S. Three pipe materials (copper with lead solder, CPVC with brass fittings or copper/lead combined pipe) were compared, with 8 hour flush cycles of 10 minutes to simulate typical daily use patterns. High throughput Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was employed to profile and compare the resident bulk water bacteria and archaea. The utility, location of the pipe rig, pipe material and stagnation all had a significant influence on the plumbing microbiome composition, but the utility source water and treatment practices were dominant factors. Examination of 21 water chemistry parameters suggested that the total chlorine concentration, pH, P, SO4 2- and Mg were associated with the most of the variation in bulk water microbiome composition. Disinfectant type exerted a notably low-magnitude impact on microbiome composition. At two utilities using the same source water, slight differences in treatment approaches were associated with differences in rare taxa in samples. For genera containing opportunistic pathogens, Utility C samples (highest pH of 9–10) had the highest frequency of detection for Legionella spp. and lowest relative abundance of Mycobacterium spp. Data were examined across utilities to identify a true universal core, special core, and peripheral organisms to deepen insight into the physical and chemical factors that shape the building plumbing microbiome.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Water Chemistry, Pipe Material and Stagnation on the Building Plumbing Microbiome

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Due to environmental growth of water-based opportunistic pathogens, quite different, but familiar control strategies (elimination of stagnation zones, related temperature and disinfectant control) are required for in-premise plumbing, particularly in healthcare settings [15]. This review builds on previously conducted studied [5,16,17,18], organized around recent findings associated with drinking-water microbial hazards and scenarios that need to be managed as part of a WSP-like systemwide management framework to provide safe drinking water However, about 10 percent are harmful known as pathogens, if ingested by humans they can release toxins causing sickness or even death.…”

Section: Egyptian Journal Of Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Composite Nanofibers to Remove Microorganisms from Aqueous Solutions

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microorganisms present in drinking water sources such as bacteria targeted with the aim of limiting their growth as well as eliminating them, because of their significant negative effects on human health. A chemical used that contains a mixture of chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, nanomagnetic iron oxide, as well as nanocarbon. This chemical obtained in the form of nanofibers by the electric spinning process, the properties of this substance and its shape studied using the scanningelectronic microscope (SEM) as well as the transmission electronic microscope (TEM).The type and shape of bacteria studied after completing the processes of separation from the sources drinking water according to the approved steps, preparing it for its sensitivity and chemical impact in private microbiology laboratories, where we indeed able to know the type, shape and name of bacteria. The results were clear and distinctive on the ability of this chemical to limit the growth of bacteria and eliminate them. The substance chitosan with a certain concentration had a great ability to clearly influence the bacterial activity in drinking water and eliminate it. This paper aims to show the bacteriaeffects on the public health, clearfy their shape and type, as well as stopping and eliminating the bacterial growth.

show abstract

“…Of pipe materials, copper appears to develop less biofilm biomass, but select for VBNC L. pneumophila compared with PVC [ 99 •, 100 •], whereas cross-linked polyethylene appears to support both legionellae and M. avium complex as culturable cells at 40–55 ° C [ 101 ]. Hence, keeping piped cold water cool (<20 ° C) and hot water >60 ° C via constant circulation seems to offer the most pragmatic control options for all of these pathogens within premise plumbing [ 15 ]. A speculative control approach is to maintain an actively antagonistic biofilm community that suppresses growth of members that may be opportunistic pathogens [ 102 ].…”

Section: Water-based (Environmental) Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Escherichia coli and enterococci]. Due to environmental growth of water-based opportunistic pathogens, quite different but familiar control strategies (elimination of stagnation zones and related temperature and disinfectant control) are required for in-premise plumbing, particularly in healthcare settings [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Contamination of Drinking Water and Human Health from Community Water Systems

Ashbolt

2015

Curr Envir Health Rpt

356

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A relatively short list of reference viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens appears adequate to assess microbial risks and inform a system-based management of drinking waters. Nonetheless, there are data gaps, e.g. human enteric viruses resulting in endemic infection levels if poorly performing disinfection and/or distribution systems are used, and the risks from fungi. Where disinfection is the only treatment and/or filtration is poor, cryptosporidiosis is the most likely enteric disease to be identified during waterborne outbreaks, but generally non-human-infectious genotypes are present in the absence of human or calf fecal contamination. Enteric bacteria may dominate risks during major fecal contamination events that are ineffectively managed. Reliance on culture-based methods exaggerates treatment efficacy and reduces our ability to identify pathogens/indicators; however, next-generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction approaches are on the cusp of changing that. Overall, water-based Legionella and non-tuberculous mycobacteria probably dominate health burden at exposure points following the various societal uses of drinking water.

show abstract

Maintaining Legionella control in building water systems

Abstract: This article reviews how Legionella and other waterborne pathogens can present a risk to consumers of potable water, secondary disinfection options, and a case study on chlorine dioxide.

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Impact of Water Chemistry, Pipe Material and Stagnation on the Building Plumbing Microbiome

Impact of Water Chemistry, Pipe Material and Stagnation on the Building Plumbing Microbiome

Using Composite Nanofibers to Remove Microorganisms from Aqueous Solutions

Microbial Contamination of Drinking Water and Human Health from Community Water Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About