Maintenance of grip-induced muscle tension: A behavioral marker of schizophrenia.

Rosen, Alexander J.; Lockhart, Joseph J.; Gants, Erica S.; Westergaard, Cindy K.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.4.583

Cited by 51 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In terms of force tracking , which requires visuomotor matching and fine on-line adjustments of low finger forces, clear deficits were found in patients with schizophrenia: they produced about 40% more error than controls, similar to deficits found in controlling power grip forces (30) and consistent with less accurate control of steady grip (32) and finger flexion force (28). However, grasp function (evaluated by the ratio of grip/load force) was not or only marginally affected in schizophrenia (37, 63), and when affected, it was considered a side effect of antipsychotic medication (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…If sensorimotor impairments represent a primary deficit or co-vary with disease state, then measuring the degree of impairment could be clinically useful (32, 33), serve as a marker for vulnerability [e.g., Ref. (34, 35)] or describe neurodevelopmental abnormalities in schizophrenia (20, 36).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high degree of manual dexterity (a hallmark of human upper limb use) requires efficient sensorimotor integration. Although different aspects of hand-use have been explored in schizophrenia, and often found to be deficient (30, 32, 37–39), quantifiable (rather than qualitative) measures of dexterity have rarely been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manual Dexterity in Schizophrenia—A Neglected Clinical Marker?

et al. 2017

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Impaired manual dexterity is commonly observed in schizophrenia. However, a quantitative description of key sensorimotor components contributing to impaired dexterity is lacking. Whether the key components of dexterity are differentially affected and how they relate to clinical characteristics also remains unclear. We quantified the degree of dexterity in 35 stabilized patients with schizophrenia and in 20 age-matched control subjects using four visuomotor tasks: (i) force tracking to quantify visuomotor precision, (ii) sequential finger tapping to measure motor sequence recall, (iii) single-finger tapping to assess temporal regularity, and (iv) multi-finger tapping to measure independence of finger movements. Diverse clinical and neuropsychological tests were also applied. A patient subgroup (N = 15) participated in a 14-week cognitive remediation protocol and was assessed before and after remediation. Compared to control subjects, patients with schizophrenia showed greater error in force tracking, poorer recall of tapping sequences, decreased tapping regularity, and reduced degree of finger individuation. A composite performance measure discriminated patients from controls with sensitivity = 0.79 and specificity = 0.9. Aside from force-tracking error, no other dexterity components correlated with antipsychotic medication. In patients, some dexterity components correlated with neurological soft signs, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), or neuropsychological scores. This suggests differential cognitive contributions to these components. Cognitive remediation lead to significant improvement in PANSS, tracking error, and sequence recall (without change in medication). These findings show that multiple aspects of sensorimotor control contribute to impaired manual dexterity in schizophrenia. Only visuomotor precision was related to antipsychotic medication. Good diagnostic accuracy and responsiveness to treatment suggest that manual dexterity may represent a useful clinical marker in schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manual Dexterity in Schizophrenia—A Neglected Clinical Marker?

et al. 2017

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“…For skilled upper limb movements, anticipatory planning of action sequences was incriminated [7]–[9], i.e. the cognitive aspects of actions [10], [11], rather than motor control per se (but see [12]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficient Grip Force Control in Schizophrenia: Behavioral and Modeling Evidence for Altered Motor Inhibition and Motor Noise

et al. 2014

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Whether upper limb sensorimotor control is affected in schizophrenia and how underlying pathological mechanisms may potentially intervene in these deficits is still being debated. We tested voluntary force control in schizophrenia patients and used a computational model in order to elucidate potential cerebral mechanisms underlying sensorimotor deficits in schizophrenia. A visuomotor grip force-tracking task was performed by 17 medicated and 6 non-medicated patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV) and by 15 healthy controls. Target forces in the ramp-hold-and-release paradigm were set to 5N and to 10% maximal voluntary grip force. Force trajectory was analyzed by performance measures and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A computational model incorporating neural control signals was used to replicate the empirically observed motor behavior and to explore underlying neural mechanisms. Grip task performance was significantly lower in medicated and non-medicated schizophrenia patients compared to controls. Three behavioral variables were significantly higher in both patient groups: tracking error (by 50%), coefficient of variation of force (by 57%) and duration of force release (up by 37%). Behavioral performance did not differ between patient groups. Computational simulation successfully replicated these findings and predicted that decreased motor inhibition, together with an increased signal-dependent motor noise, are sufficient to explain the observed motor deficits in patients. PCA also suggested altered motor inhibition as a key factor differentiating patients from control subjects: the principal component representing inhibition correlated with clinical severity. These findings show that schizophrenia affects voluntary sensorimotor control of the hand independent of medication, and suggest that reduced motor inhibition and increased signal-dependent motor noise likely reflect key pathological mechanisms of the sensorimotor deficit.

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“…Such features include difficulty with saccadic inhibition (e.g., Curtis et al 2001;Funahashi et al 1990;Maruff et al 1998;McDowell and Clementz 2001;Ross et al 1998), abnormal involuntary movements (e.g., Ismail et al 1998Manschreck et al 1990), abnormalities of grip strength and finger dexterity (e.g., Lohr and Caligiuri 1995), abnormalities of grip-induced muscle tension (e.g., Rosen et al 1991), generalized incoordination and clumsiness (e.g., Chen et al 2000), and impaired psychomotor activity (e.g., Walker 1994).…”

Section: Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 98%