Maintenance of picobirnavirus (PBV) infection in an adult orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) and genetic diversity of excreted viral strains during a three-year period

Masachessi, Gisela; Ganesh, Balasubramanian; Martı́nez, Laura C.; Giordano, Miguel O.; Barril, Patricia A.; Isa, Marı́a Beatrı́z; Paván, Giorgio V.; Mateos, Carlos A.; Nates, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2014.11.019

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Phylogenetic analysis reported the virus circulated in several species of animals, regardless of time and geographic area of detection, as previously reported, suggesting a potential of spreading that pathogen presents [10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Picobirnavirus Detection in Animals From Amazon Biome

Chagas

Silva

Barros

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This study aimed to detect picobirnavirus (PBV) in the fecal samples of wild and domestic animals from 2014 to 2016 in the Amazon biome. For detection, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) and RdRp gene based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) preceded by Reverse Transcription (RT) were used. Subsequently, statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square G test and nucleotide analyses for the construction of the phylogenetic tree. A total of 258 fecal samples from different animals, including birds (n=41) and mammals (n=217) were used. The PAGE test showed negativity for PBV genome in all samples while in the RdRp gene based RT-PCR test 32 samples showed amplification, corresponding to 12.4% (32/258) positivity. Among the positive samples, mammals, including pigs and cats, both with 28.12% (9/32), registered the highest frequencies, and in birds, the positivity was 4.9% (2/41). In phylogenetic analysis, eight sequences from positive samples grouped in the genogroup 1 of PBV (GI). The statistical test was significant for PBV in relation to the groups of animals studied (birds, mammals, and rodents), and in relation to the cities of origin of the samples, with a value of p <0.05. Nucleotide analysis demonstrated similarity among the feline group, but the absence of a defined structure between the clades. PBVs are highly widespread viruses that can affect the most diverse types of hosts in the Amazon biome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Picobirnavirus Detection in Animals From Amazon Biome

Chagas

Silva

Barros

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Picobirnavirus reads (both groups I and II) were also the most common viruses detected by metagenomics analysis in the feces of wild, presumably healthy rhesus macaques from Bangladesh (54). The role of picobirnavirus in diarrhea remains uncertain, as it is also a common infection in healthy rhesus macaques, as well as in other primates (55,56), including humans (57), and other mammals (53,58,59). The intermingling of picobirnaviruses sequence from different hosts seen during phylogenetic analyses indicates that cross-species transmission may be occurring frequently (60,61).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-Control Comparison of Enteric Viromes in Captive Rhesus Macaques with Acute or Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea

Kapusinszky

Ardeshir

Mulvaney

et al. 2017

J Virol

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Diarrhea is the major cause of non-research-associated morbidity and mortality affecting the supply of rhesus macaques and, potentially, their responses to experimental treatments. Idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) in rhesus macaques also resembles ulcerative colitis, one form of human inflammatory bowel disease. To test for viral etiologies, we characterized and compared the fecal viromes from 32 healthy animals, 31 animals with acute diarrhea, and 29 animals with ICD. The overall fractions of eukaryotic viral reads were 0.063% for the healthy group, 0.131% for the acute-diarrhea group, and 0.297% for the chronic-diarrhea group. Eukaryotic viruses belonging to 6 viral families, as well as numerous circular Rep-encoding singlestranded DNA (CRESS DNA) viral genomes, were identified. The most commonly detected sequences were from picornaviruses, making up 59 to 88% of all viral reads, followed by 9 to 17% for CRESS DNA virus sequences. The remaining 5 virus families, Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Anelloviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Parvoviridae, collectively made up 1 to 3% of the viral reads, except for parvoviruses, which made up 23% of the viral reads in the healthy group. Detected members of the families Picornaviridae and Parvoviridae were highly diverse, consisting of multiple genera, species, and genotypes. Coinfections with members of up to six viral families were detected. Complete and partial viral genomes were assembled and used to measure the number of matching short sequence reads in feces from the 92 animals in the two clinical and the healthy control groups. Several enterovirus genotypes and CRESS DNA genomes were associated with ICD relative to healthy animals. Conversely, higher read numbers from different parvoviruses were associated with healthy animals. Our study reveals a high level of enteric coinfections with diverse viruses in a captive rhesus macaque colony and identifies several viruses positively or negatively associated with ICD.KEYWORDS enterovirus, sapelovirus, parvovirus, CRESS-DNA, idiopathic diarrhea, rhesus macaques, enteric disease etiology W e compared the enteric viromes of captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with acute and idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) to those of healthy animals using a case-control study. The genomes of several known and new viruses were characterized using metagenomics. We showed that some specific enterovirus genotypes and some small circular DNA genomes are associated with chronic idiopathic diarrhea, providing candidates for further testing of their pathogenicity. Other viruses, including some parvoviruses, were found at significantly higher levels in healthy animals.

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“…Prolonged fecal shedding of PBVs, characterized by alternating periods of high-, low-, and no-virus detection, have been observed in asymptomatic animals, and in healthy and HIV-infected humans (35,38,(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50). Various factors, such as age, stress, physiological status and environmental conditions have been proposed to influence the PBV shedding patterns in infected humans and animals.…”

Section: Picobirnavirus Infection In Humans and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The True Host/s of Picobirnaviruses

Ghosh

Malik

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) are bisegmented double-stranded RNA viruses that have been detected in a wide variety of animal species including invertebrates and in environmental samples. Since PBVs are ubiquitous in feces/gut contents of humans and other animals with or without diarrhea, they were considered as opportunistic enteric pathogens of mammals and avian species. However, the virus remains to be propagated in animal cell cultures, or in gnotobiotic animals. Recently, the classically defined prokaryotic motif, the ribosomal binding site sequence, has been identified upstream of putative open reading frame/s in PBV and PBV-like sequences from humans, various animals, and environmental samples, suggesting that PBVs might be prokaryotic viruses. On the other hand, based on the detection of some novel PBV-like RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences that use the alternative mitochondrial genetic code (that of mold or invertebrates) for translation, and principal component analysis of codon usage bias for these sequences, it has been proposed that PBVs might be fungal viruses with a lifestyle reminiscent of mitoviruses. These contradicting observations warrant further studies to ascertain the true host/s of PBVs, which still remains controversial. In this minireview, we have focused on the various findings that have raised a debate on the true host/s of PBVs.

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Maintenance of picobirnavirus (PBV) infection in an adult orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) and genetic diversity of excreted viral strains during a three-year period

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Picobirnavirus Detection in Animals From Amazon Biome

Picobirnavirus Detection in Animals From Amazon Biome

Case-Control Comparison of Enteric Viromes in Captive Rhesus Macaques with Acute or Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea

The True Host/s of Picobirnaviruses

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