Maintenance versus Manipulation of Information Held in Working Memory: An Event-Related fMRI Study

D’Esposito, Mark; Postle, Bradley R.; Ballard, Dana H.; Lease, J.

doi:10.1006/brcg.1999.1096

Cited by 689 publications

(509 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Moreover, they also indicate that similar prefrontal areas are activated by tasks requiring executive processes which at a first sight are quite different. For example, the middle prefrontal gyrus (BA 9/46) was found in manipulation [30,40,98] and updating [103,124] tasks as well as in dual-task coordination [39], inhibition processes [26,31] and shifting processes [102]. Furthermore, the activity of that region was directly linked to the memory load, as demonstrated by Braver et al [17] and Cohen et al [28] using parametric design studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In a first experiment [40], sequences of five letters were presented and changes in cerebral activity were compared in two conditions. In the first one (maintenance), participants had to retain a sequence of letters in their order of presentation during a delay period while in the second they had to reorder the sequence into alphabetical order during the delay period (manipulation).…”

Section: ) Dissociation Of the Storage Requirement And Processing Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain imaging of the central executive component of working memory

Collette

Linden

2002

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

502

291

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: ) Dissociation Of the Storage Requirement And Processing Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain imaging of the central executive component of working memory

Collette

Linden

2002

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

502

291

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“…1). These regions included the posterior extent of the left inferior prefrontal cortex (pLIPC; ∼BA 44/6) and bilateral inferior and superior parietal (∼BA 40/7) cortices previously associated with phonological processing of visually presented words and pseudo-words [19,25,32,34,41], as well as with phonological working memory [1,14,23,29,33,40,51]. Thus, the syllable judgment task elicited involvement of prefrontal regions associated with phonological control and parietal regions associated with the on-line representation of phonological codes.…”

Section: Imaging Results: Task and Stimulus Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assembling and encoding word representations: fMRI subsequent memory effects implicate a role for phonological control

2003

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Novel word learning is central to the flexibility inherent in the human language capacity. Word learning may partially depend on long-term memory formation during the assembly of phonological representations from orthographic inputs. In the present study, event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examined the contributions of phonological control-a component of the verbal working memory system-to phonological assembly and word learning. Subjects were scanned while making syllable decisions about visually presented familiar (English) and novel (pseudo-English and Foreign) words, a task that required retrieval and analysis of existing phonological codes or the assembly and analysis of novel representations. Results revealed that left inferior prefrontal cortex (LIPC) and bilateral parietal cortices were differentially engaged during the processing of novel words, suggesting that this circuit is recruited during phonological assembly. A subsequent memory analysis that examined the relation between fMRI signal and the subject's ability to later remember the words (a measure of effective memory formation) revealed that the magnitude of activation in LIPC, bilateral superior parietal, and left inferior parietal cortices was positively correlated with later memory. Moreover, although the magnitude of the subsequent memory effect in parietal cortex was not significantly affected by word type, this effect was greater in posterior LIPC for novel (pseudo-English) than for familiar (English) words. In the course of subserving the assembly of novel word representations, the phonological (articulatory) control component of the phonological system appears to play a central role in the encoding of novel words into long-term memory.

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“…For example, the common load-sensitive region in the left prefrontal cortex has been implicated in both the maintenance of task goals during executive function tasks (MacDonald et al, 2000;Ullsperger and von Cramon, 2001) and WM rehearsal (Curtis and D'Esposito, 2003;D'Esposito et al, 1999;Rypma et al, 2002). Similarly, the dorsal ACC/pre-SMA region found to be common to both tasks has been widely identified across a range of tasks (Duncan and Owen, 2000), including inhibitory control (Garavan et al, 1999;Rubia et al, 2003) and WM (Kondo et al, 2004;Nyberg et al, 2003;Osaka et al, 2003).…”

Section: Common Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, many studies examining executive function tests such as the Stroop, Eriksen Flanker, and Go/No-go tasks have identified this region, arguing that the DLPFC is crucial to the performance of executive tasks where a set of task rules must be maintained in the face of irrelevant information (MacDonald et al, 2000;Ullsperger and von Cramon, 2001;Zysset et al, 2001). A large body of research has also suggested that when required to maintain increasing WM loads, the level of activation in the DLPFC selectively increases (Braver and Bongiolatti, 2002;D'Esposito et al, 1999;Rypma et al, 2002;Veltman et al, 2003). Similarly, Rowe et al (Rowe and Passingham, 2001;Rowe et al, 2000) argue that selecting a response from WM is associated with activation of the DLPFC, in particular Brodmann's area 46.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond common resources: the cortical basis for resolving task interference

2004

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Recent studies have suggested that declining inhibitory control observed during simultaneous increases in working memory (WM) demands may be due to sharing common neural resources, although it is relatively unclear how these processes are successfully combined at a neural level. Event-related functional MRI was used to examine task performance that required inhibition of varying numbers of items held in WM. Common activation regions for WM and inhibition were observed and this functional overlap may constitute the cortical basis for task interference. However, maintaining successful inhibitory control under increasing WM demands tended not to increase activation in these overlapping regions as might be expected if these common areas reflect common resources essential for task performance. Instead, increased activation was observed predominantly in unique, inhibition-specific regions including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The finding that successfully maintaining weaker stimulus -response relationships in the face of competition from stronger, prepotent responses requires greater activity in these regions reveals the means by which the brain resolves task interference and supports theories of how top-down attentional control is implemented. D

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Maintenance versus Manipulation of Information Held in Working Memory: An Event-Related fMRI Study

Cited by 689 publications

References 49 publications

Brain imaging of the central executive component of working memory

Brain imaging of the central executive component of working memory

Assembling and encoding word representations: fMRI subsequent memory effects implicate a role for phonological control

Beyond common resources: the cortical basis for resolving task interference

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