MAIT cells in immune‐mediated tissue injury and repair

Waterhölter, Alex; Wunderlich, Malte; Turner, Jan‐Eric

doi:10.1002/eji.202350483

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…During the skin injury repair, MAIT cells induce wound healing by secreting Areg ( 54 ). MAIT cells also play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity by producing IL-17 and IL-22 ( 21 , 22 ). In Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), a reduction in IL-17 and IL-22 production by MAIT cells leads to compromised mucosal barrier integrity and increased intestinal permeability ( 23 , 63 – 65 , 89 , 91 – 93 ).…”

Section: Immunoregulatory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This limitation hinders comprehensive investigations into the reparative mechanisms of MAIT cells across different diseases or microenvironments. At present, MAIT cells can toggle between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, or pathogenic and reparative functions, depending on tissue localization and disease types ( 21 , 57 , 59 , 60 ). Therefore, several potential obstacles must be addressed before successful clinical translation.…”

Section: Future Outlook and Outstanding Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into the tissue repair features of MAIT cells

Gao,

Zhao

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of innate-like non-conventional T cells characterized by multifunctionality. In addition to their well-recognized antimicrobial activity, increasing attention is being drawn towards their roles in tissue homeostasis and repair. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these functions remain incompletely understood and are still subject to ongoing exploration. Currently, it appears that the tissue localization of MAIT cells and the nature of the diseases or stimuli, whether acute or chronic, may induce a dynamic interplay between their pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, or pathogenic and reparative functions. Therefore, elucidating the conditions and mechanisms of MAIT cells’ reparative functions is crucial for fully maximizing their protective effects and advancing future MAIT-related therapies. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss the establishment and potential mechanisms of their tissue repair functions as well as the translational application prospects and current challenges in this field.

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Section: Immunoregulatory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Outlook and Outstanding Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the tissue repair features of MAIT cells

Gao,

Zhao

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Development of Ribityllumazine Analogue as Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Ligands

Takasaki,

Ito,

Nagae

et al. 2024

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of innate-like T cells abundant in human tissues that play a significant role in defense against bacterial and viral infections and in tissue repair. MAIT cells are activated by recognizing microbial-derived small-molecule ligands presented by the MHC class I related-1 protein. Although several MAIT cell modulators have been identified in the past decade, potent and chemically stable ligands remain limited. Herein, we carried out a structure−activity relationship study of ribityllumazine derivatives and found a chemically stable MAIT cell ligand with a pteridine core and a 2-oxopropyl group as the Lys-reactive group. The ligand showed high potency in a cocultivation assay using model cell lines of antigen-presenting cells and MAIT cells. The X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the binding mode of the ligand to MR1 and the T cell receptor, indicating that it forms a covalent bond with MR1 via Schiff base formation. Furthermore, we found that the ligand stimulated proliferation of human MAIT cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and showed an adjuvant effect in mice. Our developed ligand is one of the most potent among chemically stable MAIT cell ligands, contributing to accelerating therapeutic applications of MAIT cells.

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Role of mucosal-associated invariant T cells dynamics in pathogenesis of Sjögren syndrome

Chauffier,

Berger de Gallardo,

Chevalier

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammatory infiltrates in the salivary and lacrimal glands. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of innatelike T-cells, predominantly found in mucosal tissues with crucial role in epithelial homeostasis. Thus, MAIT cells may be implicated in mucosal alterations of SS patients. Activation markers, inflammatory and cytotoxic cytokines were examined in 23 SS patients and compared to 23 healthy controls (HC). Tissular MAIT cells in salivary gland (SG) biopsies were also analyzed. Circulating MAIT cells were decreased in SS patients with a higher expression of CD69 and a higher CD4/CD8 ratio of MAIT cells. MAIT cells showed a higher production of IFNγ, TNFα and GzB in SS compare to HC. Tissular MAIT cells were present within inflamed SG of SS patients, while they were absent in SG of HC. Overall, circulating MAIT cells are decreased in the peripheral blood of SS albeit producing higher amounts of IFNγ, TNFα, and GzB. Tissular MAIT cells are detected in salivary glands from SS with a proinflammatory tissular cytokine environment. MAIT cells with abnormal phenotype, functions and tissular homeostasis may contribute to epithelial damage in SS.

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MAIT cells in immune‐mediated tissue injury and repair

Cited by 3 publications

References 120 publications

Insights into the tissue repair features of MAIT cells

Insights into the tissue repair features of MAIT cells

Development of Ribityllumazine Analogue as Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Ligands

Role of mucosal-associated invariant T cells dynamics in pathogenesis of Sjögren syndrome

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