Maize Development: Cell Wall Changes in Leaves and Sheaths

Hatfield, Ronald D.; Marita, Jane M.

doi:10.4236/ajps.2017.86083

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Ground samples were processed following the procedure of Hatfield et al [20] [21] with modifications [22]. Briefly samples were buffer (50 mM TRIS pH 6.7), washed before incubated in a 90˚C water bath for 2 h followed with addition of amylase (Sigma A3403 10 U/tube) and amyloglucosidase (Fluka 10115 10 U/ tube).…”

Section: Preparation Of Tissue Materials For Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell wall residues were dried in a 55˚C oven prior to hydrolysis [23] as modified by Hatfield [24], derivatization [25], and analyzed by FID-GLC (Supelco SPB-225 column 30 m × 0.25 mm with 0.25 micron film thickness). Total uronosyls were measured according to the methods described by Hatfield [22].…”

Section: Structural Analysis Of Leaf Sheath Stemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell walls were analyzed for ester-and ether-linked phenolics using the procedure of Grabber et al [5] [10] as modified by Hatfield [22].…”

Section: Structural Analysis Of Leaf Sheath Stemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Wall Characteristics of a Maize Mutant Selected for Decreased Ferulates

Hatfield¹,

Jung²,

Marita³

et al. 2018

AJPS

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The cross-linked nature of plant cell walls provides structural integrity for continued growth and development, but limits degradation and utilization by ruminants. In grasses a major cross-linking component is ferulic acid that is incorporated into cell walls as an ester linked residue on arabinoxylans. Ferulates can become coupled to each other and to lignin forming a highly cross-linked matrix of carbohydrates and lignin. Seedling ferulate ester mutants (sfe) were produced in maize using the transposon system and evaluated in feeding trials. The work described here was undertaken to characterize changes in the ferulate cross-linked nature as well as other components of the corn cell wall matrix in leaf, sheath and stem tissues. Total ferulates decreased modestly due to the mutation and were more apparent in leaf tissue (16% -18%) compared to sheath (+5 to −6% change) and stem (8% -9% decrease). The most significant changes were in the ether linked ferulates to lignin, both monomer and dehydrodiferulates (14% to 38% decrease). Other characteristics of the cell wall (lignin, neutral sugar composition) also showed modest changes. The change in total ferulates was modest, but led to improved animal performance. These findings suggest that relatively small changes can have a significant impact upon how well plant materials can be broken down and utilized by ruminants such as dairy cows.

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Section: Preparation Of Tissue Materials For Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Analysis Of Leaf Sheath Stemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Wall Characteristics of a Maize Mutant Selected for Decreased Ferulates

Hatfield¹,

Jung²,

Marita³

et al. 2018

AJPS

Self Cite

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“…The cross linking provided by lignin in grass secondary cell walls allows herbaceous panicoids to reach up to several meters in height. Leaf lignin content is highest in sheaths and midribs of the leaf blades making these more rigid to support a plant architecture that maximizes photosynthetic capacity [ 2 , 3 ]. The lignin constituent is particularly diverse, involving several possible linkages among the basic monolignol subunits [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorghum Brown Midrib19 (Bmr19) Gene Links Lignin Biosynthesis to Folate Metabolism

Adeyanju

Sattler

Rich

et al. 2021

Genes

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Genetic analysis of brown midrib sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) mutant lines assembled in our program has previously shown that the mutations fall into four allelic groups, bmr2, bmr6, bmr12 or bmr19. Causal genes for allelic groups bmr2, bmr6 and bmr12, have since been identified. In this report, we provide evidence for the nature of the bmr19 mutation. This was accomplished by introgressing each of the four bmr alleles into nine different genetic backgrounds. Polymorphisms from four resequenced bulks of sorghum introgression lines containing either mutation, relative to those of a resequenced bulk of the nine normal midrib recurrent parent lines, were used to locate their respective causal mutations. The analysis confirmed the previously reported causal mutations for bmr2 and bmr6 but failed in the case of bmr12-bulk due to a mixture of mutant alleles at the locus among members of that mutant bulk. In the bmr19-bulk, a common G → A mutation was found among all members in Sobic.001G535500. This gene encodes a putative folylpolyglutamate synthase with high homology to maize Bm4. The brown midrib phenotype co-segregated with this point mutation in two separate F2 populations. Furthermore, an additional variant allele at this locus obtained from a TILLING population also showed a brown midrib phenotype, confirming this locus as Bmr19.

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“…The leaf sheath wraps around the stem in maize and is believed to provide strength for the growth and development of the leaf blade. Hatfield and colleagues compared changes in the cell wall component in maize leaf blades [15], midribs and sheaths from nodes 9 to 14 and concluded that sheath and midrib tissues always accumulate more neutral sugars, lignin and total phenolics than blade tissues. These metabolite measurements may explain the higher mechanical strength of leaf sheaths; however, information at the molecular level is still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of Leaf Sheath Maturation in Maize

Dong

Qin

Dai

et al. 2019

IJMS

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The morphological development of the leaf greatly influences plant architecture and crop yields. The maize leaf is composed of a leaf blade, ligule and sheath. Although extensive transcriptional profiling of the tissues along the longitudinal axis of the developing maize leaf blade has been conducted, little is known about the transcriptional dynamics in sheath tissues, which play important roles in supporting the leaf blade. Using a comprehensive transcriptome dataset, we demonstrated that the leaf sheath transcriptome dynamically changes during maturation, with the construction of basic cellular structures at the earliest stages of sheath maturation with a transition to cell wall biosynthesis and modifications. The transcriptome again changes with photosynthesis and lignin biosynthesis at the last stage of sheath tissue maturation. The different tissues of the maize leaf are highly specialized in their biological functions and we identified 15 genes expressed at significantly higher levels in the leaf sheath compared with their expression in the leaf blade, including the BOP2 homologs GRMZM2G026556 and GRMZM2G022606, DOGT1 (GRMZM2G403740) and transcription factors from the B3 domain, C2H2 zinc finger and homeobox gene families, implicating these genes in sheath maturation and organ specialization.

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Maize Development: Cell Wall Changes in Leaves and Sheaths

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Cell Wall Characteristics of a Maize Mutant Selected for Decreased Ferulates

Cell Wall Characteristics of a Maize Mutant Selected for Decreased Ferulates

Sorghum Brown Midrib19 (Bmr19) Gene Links Lignin Biosynthesis to Folate Metabolism

Transcriptomic Analysis of Leaf Sheath Maturation in Maize

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