Maize Endosperm Development: Tissues, Cells, Molecular Regulation and Grain Quality Improvement

Wu, Hao; Becraft, Philip W.; Dannenhoffer, Joanne M.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.852082

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…After decades of research, much is now understood about the development of the several big compartments of the maize seed, such as embryo, endosperm, and nucellus (Chen et al., 2014, 2017; Lu et al., 2013; Yi et al., 2019; Zhan et al., 2015). However, very little is known about the development of maize pericarp, and different studies varied on the investigated maize lines and growing conditions, resulting in different developmental stages of maize seed (Hoopes et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2022; Zhan et al., 2015). Fortunately, starting from year 2012, we have consistently investigated the high temporal resolution transcriptome of different compartments of the inbred line B73 seed in the same field in summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic transcriptome landscape of maize pericarp development

Zhang,

Yue,

et al. 2023

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYAs a maternal tissue, the pericarp supports and protects for other components of seed, such as embryo and endosperm. Despite the importance of maize pericarp in seed, the genome‐wide transcriptome pattern throughout maize pericarp development has not been well characterized. Here, we developed RNA‐seq transcriptome atlas of B73 maize pericarp development based on 21 samples from 5 days before fertilization (DBP5) to 32 days after fertilization (DAP32). A total of 25 346 genes were detected in programming pericarp development, including 1887 transcription factors (TFs). Together with pericarp morphological changes, the global clustering of gene expression revealed four developmental stages: undeveloped, thickening, expansion and strengthening. Coexpression analysis provided further insights on key regulators in functional transition of four developmental stages. Combined with non‐seed, embryo, endosperm, and nucellus transcriptome data, we identified 598 pericarp‐specific genes, including 75 TFs, which could elucidate key mechanisms and regulatory networks of pericarp development. Cell wall related genes were identified that reflected their crucial role in the maize pericarp structure building. In addition, key maternal proteases or TFs related with programmed cell death (PCD) were proposed, suggesting PCD in the maize pericarp was mediated by vacuolar processing enzymes (VPE), and jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene‐related pathways. The dynamic transcriptome atlas provides a valuable resource for unraveling the genetic control of maize pericarp development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic transcriptome landscape of maize pericarp development

Zhang,

Yue,

et al. 2023

The Plant Journal

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“…Beginning at about 8 DAP, maize endosperm undergoes a transition from lag phase, characterized by cell proliferation and differentiation, to grain filling with extensive storage compound accumulation ( Wu et al 2022 ). Our data indicate these 3 genes function dynamically throughout this transition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NAKED ENDOSPERM1, NAKED ENDOSPERM2, and OPAQUE2 interact to regulate gene networks in maize endosperm development

Wu,

Galli,

Spears

et al. 2023

The Plant Cell

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NAKED ENDOSPERM1 (NKD1), NKD2 and OPAQUE2 are transcription factors important for cell patterning and nutrient storage in maize (Zea mays) endosperm. To study the complex regulatory interrelationships among these three factors in co-regulating gene networks, we developed a set of nkd1, nkd2 and o2 homozygous lines, including all combinations of mutant and wild-type genes. Among the eight genotypes tested, we observed diverse phenotypes and gene interactions affecting cell patterning, starch content, and storage proteins. From ∼8 to ∼16 days after pollination, maize endosperm undergoes a transition from cellular development to nutrient accumulation for grain filling. Gene network analysis showed that NKD1, NKD2 and O2 dynamically regulate a hierarchical gene network during this period, directing cellular development early, then transitioning to constrain cellular development while promoting the biosynthesis and storage of starch, proteins and lipids. Genetic interactions regulating this network are also dynamic. The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) showed that O2 influences the global regulatory landscape, decreasing NKD1 and NKD2 target site accessibility, while NKD1 and NKD2 increase O2 target site accessibility. In summary, interactions of NKD1, NKD2 and O2 dynamically affect the hierarchical gene network and regulatory landscape during the transition from cellular development to grain filling in maize endosperm.

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“…Of particular importance is the work carried out on seed formation and development through the characterization of mutants belonging to different international collections. Aside from their significance in basic research, these studies could be instrumental for the detection of key genes affecting grain filling process and reserve accumulation and thus influencing maize-yield, as well as nutritional quality [ 97 , 98 , 99 ]. In this context, they can have implications for breeding programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Italian Research on the Molecular Characterization of Maize Kernel Development

Consonni

Castorina

Varotto

2022

IJMS

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The study of the genetic control of maize seed development and seed-related pathways has been one of the most important themes approached by the Italian scientific community. Maize has always attracted the interest of the Italian community of agricultural genetics since its beginning, as some of its founders based their research projects on and developed their “schools” by adopting maize as a reference species. Some of them spent periods in the United States, where maize was already becoming a model system, to receive their training. In this manuscript we illustrate the research work carried out in Italy by different groups that studied maize kernels and underline their contributions in elucidating fundamental aspects of caryopsis development through the characterization of maize mutants. Since the 1980s, most of the research projects aimed at the comprehension of the genetic control of seed development and the regulation of storage products’ biosyntheses and accumulation, and have been based on forward genetics approaches. We also document that for some decades, Italian groups, mainly based in Northern Italy, have contributed to improve the knowledge of maize genomics, and were both fundamental for further international studies focused on the correct differentiation and patterning of maize kernel compartments and strongly contributed to recent advances in maize research.

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Maize Endosperm Development: Tissues, Cells, Molecular Regulation and Grain Quality Improvement

Cited by 10 publications

References 144 publications

Dynamic transcriptome landscape of maize pericarp development

Dynamic transcriptome landscape of maize pericarp development

NAKED ENDOSPERM1, NAKED ENDOSPERM2, and OPAQUE2 interact to regulate gene networks in maize endosperm development

The Italian Research on the Molecular Characterization of Maize Kernel Development

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