Maize grain yield responses to plant height variability resulting from crop rotation and tillage system in a long-term experiment

Boomsma, Christopher R.; Santini, Judith B.; West, T. D.; Brewer, Jason C.; McIntyre, Lauren; Vyn, Tony J.

doi:10.1016/j.still.2009.12.006

Cited by 93 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…Despite the large differences in GY A between the tillage systems and N rates, GY A at the lower N rate with parallel NH 3 placement did not differ from GY A attained with the higher N rate with diagonal NH 3 placement; neither did GY A with parallel application in the no-till tillage system differ significantly from GY A attained in conventional tillage with diagonal application. The lower N rate lowered GY A by 0.8 and 1.2 Mg ha -1 in conventional till and no-till systems, respectively, within the tillage system × N rate interaction; however GY A for the 145 kg N ha -1 in conventional tillage did not differ significantly from that of the no-till at 202 kg N ha -1 (data not shown).Higher maize GY A in conventional tillage than in no-till was previously reported for Indiana by Barber (1971), Mengel et al (1982, West et al (1996), andBoomsma et al (2010), and for other Corn Belt states by Fink and Wesley (1974), Huggins and Pan (1993), Vetsch andRandall (2004), andBos (2012). Proportional differences between tillage systems and N rates were smaller in 2011 and 2012 relative to 2010, presumably as a result of plant growth/grain fill limitations from the hailstorm damage in 2011, and drought stress in 2012 (Eck, 1984;Bennett et al, 1989).…”

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Vetsch and Randall (2004) observed a GY A benefit with conventional tillage compared to no-till system, but they noted that tillage system had minimal effect on measured maize production parameters and no effect on relative yield performance of various N timing or placement methods. Both Mengel et al (1982) and Boomsma et al (2010) found conventional tillage increased grain yield compared to no-till system. The latter study also emphasized the critical importance of maintaining uniform plant heights during vegetative development in no-till maize for achieving final yields similar to those with conventional tillage (Boomsma et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Both Mengel et al (1982) and Boomsma et al (2010) found conventional tillage increased grain yield compared to no-till system. The latter study also emphasized the critical importance of maintaining uniform plant heights during vegetative development in no-till maize for achieving final yields similar to those with conventional tillage (Boomsma et al, 2010).Because of the utility and decreasing cost, farmers are increasingly adopting real-time kinematic (RTK) correction for GPS guidance which can repeatedly position tractors to the same position, with ±2 cm precision (John Deere, 2013b). This technology enables farmers to more confidently place their nutrients parallel to, but potentially at a "safe" distance away from, the maize row to provide all plants consistent accessibility to fertilizers.…”

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Pre‐Plant Anhydrous Ammonia Placement Consequences on No‐Till Versus Conventional‐Till Maize Growth and Nitrogen Responses

et al. 2014

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With the advent of precision guidance systems, maize (Zea mays L.) farmers in various tillage systems have more options in preplant nutrient banding relative to the intended crop rows. Anhydrous ammonia (NH 3 ) placement during pre-plant application is of interest because of concerns for possible ammonia toxicity to maize seedlings when high NH 3 rates are applied too close to the seed row and the need to improve plant-nitrogen (N) use efficiencies. Field studies were conducted between 2010 and 2012 near West Lafayette, IN, to compare traditional angled (diagonally) vs. precision-guided parallel NH 3 applications (the latter was offset 15 cm from the future row) in no-till and conventional tillage systems. The NH 3 was injected to depths of about 12 cm at N rates of 145 and 202 kg N ha -1 . Maize was planted with additional starter N (20 kg N ha -1 ) within 6 d of NH 3 application. Neither NH 3 application placement resulted in significant maize seedling mortality. Conventional tillage increased mean grain yields across N rates and placement treatments from 10.6 to 11.6 Mg ha -1 . Tillage did not impact reproductive-stage leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), or whole-plant N content at maturity when NH 3 was parallel applied, but these plant responses were significantly lower in no-till after diagonal application. Lowering the pre-plant N rate to 145 from 202 kg N ha -1 significantly lowered maize whole-plant biomass and N accumulation at maturity with diagonal application, but not when NH 3 was parallel applied. Abbreviations: %Nel, ear-leaf nitrogen concentration, ACRE, Agronomy Center for Research and Education, DM R6 , aboveground biomass production at physiological maturity, GDU°C, Celsius degree based growing degree unit, GY A , grain yield per unit area, HI, harvest index; NH 3 , anhydrous ammonia; NHI, nitrogen harvest index, N total , whole-plant nitrogen uptake at physiological maturity, RTK, real-time kinematic, Sp xx , SPAD readings at xx growth stage, UAN, urea-ammonium-nitrate.Today's agriculture faces two major challenges: (i) satisfying the growing food demand of the ever-expanding world population, while (ii) stabilizing or lowering the associated production risks and environmental pollution. Modern maize production relies heavily on N fertilizer use. Anhydrous ammonia is the most concentrated N source (82% N) and is one of the most widely applied N fertilizers in the last few decades in the United States (IFA, 2013) primarily due to its lower cost per unit of N relative to the cost of other N sources.With the advent of precision guidance systems, maize farmers in various tillage systems have more options in pre-plant nutrient banding relative to the intended crop rows. The first concern in NH 3 placement during pre-plant applications is possible ammonia toxicity to maize seedlings when high NH 3 rates are applied too close in space and time to the future maize rows. Maize farmers in the Midwest region of the United States traditionally apply their pre-plant NH 3 at some degree of angle (i.e...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 98%

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Pre‐Plant Anhydrous Ammonia Placement Consequences on No‐Till Versus Conventional‐Till Maize Growth and Nitrogen Responses

et al. 2014

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“…On the other hand, reduced maize yield observed at NT in comparison with CT is characteristic on poorly drained soils in general (Vyn et al 1994, Dick et al 1997. Based on a long-term experiment, Boomsma et al (2010) observed that substantial crop residue cover and cool, moist early-season soil conditions are common characteristics of continuous maize NT systems, which often delay seed germination, seedling emergence, and early root and stem development. Residue removal had also a significant impact on the noon temperature and water content in the soil and may cause delay in the seed germination but it may be advantageous when winter precipitation is less than adequate.…”

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Long term effects of different soil tillage systems on maize (Zea mays L.) yields

Videnović¹,

Simić²,

Srdić³

et al. 2011

Plant Soil Environ.

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The effects of three tillage systems: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT), and three levels of fertilization (0, 258 and 516 kg/ha NPK (58:18:24)), on the maize yield during ten years (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) were analyzed on the chernozem soil type in Zemun Polje, Serbia. Statistical analyses showed significant effects of all three factors i.e., year, soil tillage and amount of fertilizers, and their interactions on the maize yield. The ten-year averages showed that the highest yields were observed with CT (10.61 t/ha), while the averages with RT and NT were lower (8.99 t/ha and 6.85 t/ha, respectively). The results of the influence of the amount of the applied fertilizers on maize yield showed that the lowest yield was in the zero level of fertilization 7.71 t/ha, while the yield was raised when the 258 kg/ha and 516 kg/ha NPK were applied (9.18 t/ha and 9.56 t/ha, respectively). Analyzing the influence of the soil tillage systems on maize production with respect to the amounts of applied fertilizers, this research revealed the benefits of CT under the presented agroecological conditions, irrespective of the level of applied fertilizer.

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Agronomic assessment of cover cropping and tillage practices across environments

2020

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Cover crops (CCs) are considered one of the few agronomic strategies to help reduce environmental pollution, while improving soil properties. However, the use of tillage could negate those benefits entirely. Therefore, the goal of this study was to monitor soil properties and cash crop yields from five different CC rotations compared to fallow controls throughout Illinois. A split-block arrangement of tillage (chisel tillage vs. no-till) and CC rotations (six levels) in a randomized complete block design with four replications was set within each phase of the corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation at six locations, spanning 2-5 yr. Spring biomass was greatest in the CC rotations with cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) due to the four times greater survival percentage. Rotations with annual ryegrass reduced soil nitrate compared to bare fallows. Yet, the freshly added CC biomass only produced minimal increases in soil organic matter (SOM) compared to the other CC species. This rotation also reduces corn yields as is commonly observed when growing a grass CC species before a grass cash crop (corn). Chisel tillage was found to increase corn yields and reduce soil P levels compared to no-tilled plots regardless of CC rotation. In contrast, soybean yields were not affected by CCs or tillage options. With few choices of CCs that can overwinter in Illinois, our study provides necessary information to evaluate CC management practices and re-evaluate our current strategies. 1 INTRODUCTION Soil degradation has been recognized as a major environmental threat to global food security and human health (FAO, 2015). Among the various causes of soil degradation

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Maize grain yield responses to plant height variability resulting from crop rotation and tillage system in a long-term experiment

Cited by 93 publications

References 62 publications

Pre‐Plant Anhydrous Ammonia Placement Consequences on No‐Till Versus Conventional‐Till Maize Growth and Nitrogen Responses

Pre‐Plant Anhydrous Ammonia Placement Consequences on No‐Till Versus Conventional‐Till Maize Growth and Nitrogen Responses

Long term effects of different soil tillage systems on maize (Zea mays L.) yields

Agronomic assessment of cover cropping and tillage practices across environments

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