Maize prolificacy under contrasting plant densities and N supplies: I. Plant growth, biomass allocation and development of apical and sub-apical ears from floral induction to silking

Parco, Martín; D'andrea, Karina Elizabeth; Maddonni, Gustavo Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108553

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The accumulation of dry matter (DM) after the vegetative stage is critical for achieving a high yield of maize kernels, as most of the kernel DM is derived from photosynthetic products produced during the post-vegetative stage [35,36]. In the present study, the contribution of T1 dry matter translocation to the seeds was higher than that of T2 and T3, which may be attributed to the fact that the accumulated post-silking DM produced by canopy photosynthesis provided sufficient assimilates for kernel DM [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Fertilizer Type on Dry Matter, Nitrogen Partitioning, and Yield of Spring Maize with Film-Side Sowing

Zhang,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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Dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) transport from nutritive organs to the grain is critical for cereal crop yield and protein content. There is limited research on the effects of slow-release or controlled-release fertilizers on dry matter and nitrogen partitioning in the nutrient organs of spring corn. A field trial was conducted in the National Corn Industry Technology System Xinzhou Comprehensive Experiment Station, China. The effects of different fertilizer management on yield, photosynthetic capacity, and nutrient partitioning of spring maize were studied. We modeled local farmers’ planting and management practices (T3). Based on T3, we added a slow-release compound fertilizer (T2), which does not require a follow-up fertilizer, and a controlled-release formulated fertilizer (T1), which is highly efficient and has low carbon emissions. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were 23%, 18.5%, 18%, 10.5% and 19%, 10.9%, 7%, and 5.5% higher in T1 compared to those of T3 and T2, respectively, at the ripening stage. The contribution of post-flowering DM transport to the kernel of T1 was 46% and 41.4% higher than that of T3 and T2, respectively. The nitrogen content of the kernel of T1 was 35.2% and 18.5% higher than that of T3 and T2, respectively. After a comprehensive analysis, T1 prolonged the photosynthetic effect through adequate nitrogen supply, provided nutrients to the kernel, promoted maize nitrogen uptake and utilization, and ultimately improved yield.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Fertilizer Type on Dry Matter, Nitrogen Partitioning, and Yield of Spring Maize with Film-Side Sowing

Zhang,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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show abstract

“…A high post-silking DM accumulation is vital for achieving high maize grain yields, since the majority of the grain DM was found to come from the photosynthates produced during the post-silking stage Parco et al, 2022). In this study, the post-silking DM accounted for 107.7-116.7% of the grain DM regardless of the N availability (Table 2.2), which was probably because the accumulated post-silking DM derived by canopy photosynthesis provides sufficient assimilates for grain DM (Koutroubas et al, 2012;.…”

Section: Grain N Relies On Reallocation More Than Grain Dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do maize plants respond to nitrogen availability? : The spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen within the canopy

Fan

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops with high economic and social values. Considering the need to increase food production, it is important to investigate the determining factors that contribute to maize production in terms of agronomic management practices and crop breeding. The main aim was to explore the morphological and physiological trait responses of maize plants to N availability and to explore how these traits may have changed as a result of crop breeding. In this thesis, we focused on quantifying plant architecture, nitrogen and biomass distribution across leaf positions, stems, and other organs in maize.The accumulation, partitioning, and reallocation processes of N at both the individual leaf and plant scales were quantified, examining their responses to varying N availabilities resulting from long-term N fertilizer treatments in a field experiment. The results revealed that a relatively larger fraction of grain N was derived from reallocation and a smaller fraction from the soil. When considering the vertical pattern of N reallocation across leaves in the canopy, we noted that a larger fraction of N in leaves was reallocated from lower leaves than from higher ones. However, in absolute terms, the largest amounts of N were reallocated from middle-canopy leaves compared to both top and bottom leaves. Additionally, plants exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to these environmental changes. A trade-off strategy related to radiation capture and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) under nitrogen-deficient conditions was explored in maize plants. We conclude that the main strategy of maize to cope with low N is to maintain leaf area, mainly by increasing specific leaf area (SLA, cm2/g) throughout the plant but only during the vegetative growth phase.Additionally, the vertical distribution patterns of canopy architecture, light, and nitrogen within the maize canopy were also explored among cultivars released between 1950 and 2004. We found that the yield improvement from older to newer cultivars was strongly associated with changes in canopy architecture, resulting in increased light interception through higher leaf area index (LAI) and improved distribution of light in the canopy due to steeper leaf angles. Nevertheless, the coordination of light and nitrogen within the canopy did not differ among old and new cultivars. These results showed that higher yields of modern maize cultivars are not associated with coordinated light and N distribution within the canopy. This thesis also introduces a novel empirical equation for quantitatively describing the vertical distribution of leaf dimensions within the maize canopy. Compared with previous bell-shaped functions, the new equation reduces the number of parameters required to characterize the leaf morphology, simplifying numerical calculations. Furthermore, by analysing the char-acteristics of the new equation with the growth and development of maize plants, it revealed that only four key leaf positions need to be considered to construc...

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Yield determination of temperate maize hybrids with different end‐uses: An ecophysiological analysis

Chazarreta,

Alvarez Prado,

Giménez

et al. 2024

Crop Science

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Maize (Zea mays L.) production in Argentina changed markedly during the last decade due to the widespread adoption of late sowing dates, expanding its productive area, and diversifying crop end‐uses. This study was conducted to assess how the sowing date and nitrogen (N) availability affect grain yield, its physiological determinants (biomass and its partitioning), and numeric components (kernel number and kernel weight) of maize hybrids marketed for different end‐uses. Field experiments were conducted in two growing seasons (2019–2020 and 2020–2021) and two sowing dates within each season (early and late) at a site in the main maize‐producing region of Argentina. Within each season × sowing date combination, eight commercial maize hybrids (commercialized as grain, dual‐purpose, or silage) were tested under two N levels (N0: no N applied; N250: fertilized with 250 kg N ha−1). The greatest grain yield, biomass, kernel number, and harvest index corresponded to the grain hybrids. Dual‐purpose hybrids showed an intermediate grain yield, the highest kernel weight, and a more “silage” than “graniferous” behavior. Silage hybrids had improved light interception up to silking + 15 days (R2) but exhibited the lowest grain yield. Differences in end‐use steered crop breeding efforts toward different physiological strategies. The improved understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying the productivity among maize hybrids with varying end‐uses will assist in the selection and management of suitable cultivars to be grown under different systems and environmental variations associated with an extended sowing date period.

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Maize prolificacy under contrasting plant densities and N supplies: I. Plant growth, biomass allocation and development of apical and sub-apical ears from floral induction to silking

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

The Impact of Fertilizer Type on Dry Matter, Nitrogen Partitioning, and Yield of Spring Maize with Film-Side Sowing

The Impact of Fertilizer Type on Dry Matter, Nitrogen Partitioning, and Yield of Spring Maize with Film-Side Sowing

How do maize plants respond to nitrogen availability? : The spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen within the canopy

Yield determination of temperate maize hybrids with different end‐uses: An ecophysiological analysis

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