Maize proteomic responses to separate or overlapping soil drought and two-spotted spider mite stresses

Abstract

Main conclusionIn maize, leaf proteome responses evoked by soil drought applied separately differ from those evoked by mite feeding or both types of stresses occurring simultaneously.This study focuses on the involvement of proteomic changes in defence responses of a conventional maize cultivar (Bosman) to the two-spotted spider mite infestation, soil drought and both stresses coexisting for 6 days. Under watering cessation or mite feeding applied separately, the protein carbonylation was not directly linked to the antioxidant enzymes’ activities. Protein carbonylation increased at higher and lower SOD, APX, GR, POX, PPO activities following soil drought and mite feeding, respectively. Combination of these stresses resulted in protein carbonylation decrease despite the increased activity of all antioxidant enzymes (except the CAT). However, maize protein network modification remains unknown upon biotic/abiotic stresses overlapping. Here, using multivariate chemometric methods, 94 leaf protein spots (out of 358 considered; 2-DE) were identified (LC–MS/MS) as differentiating the studied treatments. Only 43 of them had individual discrimination power. The soil drought increased abundance of leaf proteins related mainly to photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, defence (molecular chaperons) and protection. On the contrary, mite feeding decreased the abundance of photosynthesis related proteins and enhanced the abundance of proteins protecting the mite-infested leaf against photoinhibition. The drought and mites occurring simultaneously increased abundance of proteins that may improve the efficiency of carbon fixation, as well as carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, increased abundance of the Rubisco large subunit-binding protein (subunit β), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and mitochondrial precursor of Mn-SOD and decreased abundance of the glycolysis-related enzymes in the mite-free leaf (in the vicinity of mite-infested leaf) illustrate the involvement of these proteins in systemic maize response to mite feeding.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00425-016-2559-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Plants are commonly exposed to multiple stresses, which can specifically activate different signalling pathways. Several studies have shown that the idea to extrapolate the response to single stress from combined stresses is too simplistic due to the large variety of synergistic or antagonistic signals generated by each single stress in different tissues/organs (aerial or above‐ground organs) and stress timing (concomitant or delayed stresses; De Vleesschauwer et al , Matschi et al , Dworak et al , Nguyen et al , Verma et al ).…”

“…Plants are commonly exposed to multiple stresses, which can specifically activate different signalling pathways. Several studies have shown that the idea to extrapolate the response to single stress from combined stresses is too simplistic due to the large variety of synergistic or antagonistic signals generated by each single stress in different tissues/organs (aerial or above-ground organs) and stress timing (concomitant or delayed stresses; De Vleesschauwer et al 2013, Matschi et al 2015, Dworak et al 2016, Nguyen et al 2016, Verma et al 2016. and abscisic acid (ABA), acting either synergistically or antagonistically, depending on different stressors, can orchestrate a complex set of early and late responses either locally or distally (Balmer et al 2013, Angulo et al 2015, Caarls et al 2017.…”

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“…However, there is a lack of data on how plants respond to TSSM in the presence of other stresses such as high light. Increasing evidence indicates that plant response to the combination of biotic and abiotic stresses cannot be considered from the knowledge of the individual stress responses (Dworak et al 2016;Suzuki et al 2014). Such evidence strongly supports the idea of a more detailed study with respect a plant's response to simultaneously occurring stresses.…”