Major challenges in cryopreservation of sea urchin eggs

Campos, Sara; Troncoso, Jesús Souza; Paredes, Estefanía

doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.11.008

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For E. esculentus, fertility was retained after activation and storage in sea water at 18 °C. This disagrees with what we have known so far about chilling injuries in sea urchins [ 41 , 42 ], and whether chilling injury is dependent on the composition of the eggs, which may vary depending on the season or the geographical area, should be explored. This has been the first attempt to study chilling injuries across five different species of sea urchins and no long-term developmental studies have been conducted to assess the complete effect.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Handling, Reproducing and Cryopreserving Five European Sea Urchins (Echinodermata, Klein, 1778) for Biodiversity Conservation Purposes

Paredes

Campos

Lago

et al. 2022

Animals

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In this work, five local sea urchin species found in European waters were studied. Four were regular species: Sphaerechinus granularis, Psammechinus miliaris, Echinus esculentus (Linnaeus, 1758) and the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus; and one was an irregular species, Echinocardium cordatum. These five species of sea urchins have been studied regarding their fertility, toxicity of cryoprotecting agents, cryopreservation of different cell types and chilling injury. The baseline fertility is similar in P. lividus, P. miliaris and S. granularis. Nonetheless, the sperm:egg ratio, contact time and development of the fertilization envelope would need to be studied further on a case-by-case basis. Sperm can be maintained inactively in the gonad (4 °C), and oocytes also maintain quality in sea water (4 °C), even after 72 h. Sperm was cryopreserved for four species with some post-thaw intra specific variability, and embryo cryopreservation was only possible for S. granularis. Overall, this study provided a wider vision of the biology and reproduction of these species that will help us develop tools for their biodiversity conservation through cryopreservation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Handling, Reproducing and Cryopreserving Five European Sea Urchins (Echinodermata, Klein, 1778) for Biodiversity Conservation Purposes

Paredes

Campos

Lago

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Although some have managed to document growth of fertilized eggs after cryopreservation [56], no successes have been documented for oocyte cryopreservation in urchins, or other marine organisms [57,14], and no survival was achieved while attempting to cryopreserve fertilized eggs in T. gratilla in the present study. Eggs are inherently more difficult to cryopreserve because of their membranes’ poor permeability to water and cryoprotective solutes, both of which are indispensable to successful cryopreservation [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Cryopreservation of the collector urchin embryo,Tripneustes gratilla

Westbrook,

Daly,

Bowen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The collector urchin, Tripneustes gratilla, is an ecologically important member of the grazing community of Hawaii's coral reefs. Beyond its ability to maintain balance between native seaweeds and corals, T. gratilla has also been used as a food source and a biocontrol agent against alien invasive algae species. Due to overexploitation, habitat degradation, and other stressors, their populations face local extirpation. However, artificial reproductive techniques, such as cryopreservation, could provide more consistent seedstock throughout the year to supplement aquaculture efforts. Although the sperm and larvae of temperate urchins have been successfully cryopreserved, tropical urchins living on coral reefs have not. Here, we investigated the urchin embryos' tolerance to various cryoprotectants and cooling rates to develop a cryopreservation protocol for T. gratilla. We found that using 1M Me2SO with a cooling rate of 9.7 degrees C/min on gastrula stage embryos produced the best results with survival rates of up to 85.5% and up to 50.8% maturation to the 4-arm echinopluteus stage, assessed three days after thawing. Continued research could see cryopreservation added to the repertoire of artificial reproductive techniques for T. gratilla, thereby assisting in the preservation of this ecologically important urchin, all while augmenting aquaculture efforts that contribute to coral reef restoration.

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“…Cryopreservation has many advantages, such as establishment of biobanks; providing year-round access to high quality material; breaking through geographic isolation; realizing remote hybridization; and protecting endangered species (Paredes, 2015;Paredes, 2016;Paredes et al, 2019). Compared with germplasm resources such as eggs and embryos, spermatozoa are easier to use in cryopreservation research due to their simpler structure (Tsai and Lin, 2012;Paredes et al, 2019;Campos et al, 2021). Generally, the sperm cryopreservation process includes sperm collection, quality evaluation, cryo-diluent (extender and cryoprotectant agent (CPA)) preparation, mixing of cryo-diluent with semen, cooling, storage, thawing, and sperm quality evaluation after thawing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing cryopreservation of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) sperm using a programmable freezer and computer-assisted sperm analysis

Liu

Sun

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus has high nutritional, medicinal, and economic value. However, factors such as overexploitation, climate change, and environmental pollution have resulted in serious germplasm degradation in both farmed and wild A. japonicus, and it has been listed as endangered on the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List of Threatened Species. Cryopreservation is an important method to protect germplasm resources and solve the problem of germplasm degradation. Using a programmable freezer and computer-aided sperm analysis, we comprehensively studied and screened the factors that affect the post-thaw motility of A. japonicus sperm during cryopreservation. Based on our results, we propose the following optimal cryopreservation procedure for A. japonicus sperm: cryo-diluent composition of 12.5% dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.1 mol/L glucose, with filter-sterilized (the filter mesh size: 0.45μm) natural seawater (NSW) as the extender; 1:5 mixing ratio of sperm and cryo-diluent; cooling rate and thawing temperatures of 10°C/min and 20°C, respectively. The post-thaw motility of sperm treated using the optimal procedure was > 65%, the fertilization rate (in the blastocyst stage) was nearly 80%, and the hatching rate (in the early auricularia larva stage) was > 65%. Additionally, frozen sperm that had been cryopreserved for 1 year retained a considerable post-thaw motility and fertilization rate compared to recently cryopreserved sperm. We detected obvious differences in sperm freezability among individual A. japonicus, and cryopreservation caused some damage to the sperm structure. In conclusion, our optimized procedure make large-scale cryopreservation of A. japonicus sperm possible, and our results provide valuable information that could be applied to research and conservation of A. japonicus.

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Major challenges in cryopreservation of sea urchin eggs

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Handling, Reproducing and Cryopreserving Five European Sea Urchins (Echinodermata, Klein, 1778) for Biodiversity Conservation Purposes

Handling, Reproducing and Cryopreserving Five European Sea Urchins (Echinodermata, Klein, 1778) for Biodiversity Conservation Purposes

Cryopreservation of the collector urchin embryo,Tripneustes gratilla

Optimizing cryopreservation of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) sperm using a programmable freezer and computer-assisted sperm analysis

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