Major Changes in the Development of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements in Dentistry

Abstract

Calcium silicate cements are widely used in contemporary dentistry. Their properties, such as biocompatibility, osteoinductive potential, and stimulation of pulp regeneration, are valuable for the treatment of perforations, pulp capping procedures, retrograde fillings, etc. This article aims to present the new calcium silicate cements available on the market, review the recent modifications in their composition, describe the evolution of each generation of these materials, and reveal how these changes impact their different properties and improve their characteristics.At the same time, this paper makes a brief retrospection of the first calcium silicate-based cements, which started the era of contemporary mineral trioxide aggregate materials. This article also points out some future tendencies in the development of calcium silicate cements and attempts to differentiate their generations mentioned in the literature.