Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2018

Kim, Miseon; Suh, Dong Hoon; Lee, Kyung Hun; Eom, Keun Yong; Toftdahl, Nanna Gilliam; Mirza, Mansoor Raza; Kim, Jae Weon

doi:10.3802/jgo.2019.30.e18

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab, given concomitant to combination chemotherapy followed by maintenance therapy, is considered the standard of care in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. It is given as first-line therapy and in those with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer [ 126 ].…”

Section: Anti-angiogenic Therapy In the Most Common Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers

Olejarz

Kubiak-Tomaszewska

Chrzanowska

et al. 2020

IJMS

186

101

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Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing ones. Exosomes are involved in angiogenesis in cancer progression by transporting numerous pro-angiogenic biomolecules like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and microRNAs. Exosomes promote angiogenesis by suppressing expression of factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Uptake of tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) by normal endothelial cells activates angiogenic signaling pathways in endothelial cells and stimulates new vessel formation. TEX-driven cross-talk of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with immune cells blocks their anti-tumor activity. Effective inhibition of tumor angiogenesis may arrest tumor progression. Bevacizumab, a VEGF-specific antibody, was the first antiangiogenic agent to enter the clinic. The most important clinical problem associated with cancer therapy using VEGF- or VEFGR-targeting agents is drug resistance. Combined strategies based on angiogenesis inhibitors and immunotherapy effectively enhances therapies in various cancers, but effective treatment requires further research.

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Section: Anti-angiogenic Therapy In the Most Common Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers

Olejarz

Kubiak-Tomaszewska

Chrzanowska

et al. 2020

IJMS

186

101

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“…The standard therapeutic approach for EC is surgical resection of the uterus by total hysterectomy ( 15 ). During the past decade, considerable advances made in the field of cancer cell-mediated immune evasion in the tumor microenvironment have invigorated the field of immuno-oncology ( 16 , 17 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune disorder in endometrial cancer: Immunosuppressive microenvironment, mechanisms of immune evasion and immunotherapy (Review)

et al. 2020

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Immunotherapy is an emerging clinical approach that has gained traction over the past decade as a novel treatment option for lung cancer and melanoma. Notably, researchers have made marked improvements in the treatment of endometrial cancer (EC), and potential immune responses have been identified in patients with EC, thereby offering the possibility of exploring immunotherapy for EC. Nevertheless, various needs remain unmet, and immunotherapy applications in EC have yielded limited success, as only a minority of patients exhibited a clinical response. Therefore, further understanding of immune dysfunction associated with EC is still required. The present review describes recent findings regarding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of EC, with emphasis on immune evasion mechanisms and immunotherapy in EC.

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“…UCEC consists of two broad categories: hormone-driven type I has a good prognosis, and hormone-dependent type II has a poor prognosis [5]. In the overview of the main clinical research progress on UCEC in 2018, increasing attention was paid to sentinel lymph node mapping, adjuvant therapy and targeted therapy [6]. Despite advances in the treatments of UCEC, the incidence and mortality rates are still increasing [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiomics profile and prognostic gene signature of m6A regulators in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma

et al. 2020

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Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is the most common type of gynecologic malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in the treatments of UCEC, its incidence and mortality rates are still increasing. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common form of RNA modification and has attracted increasing interest in cancer pathogenesis and progression. Thus, we aimed to identify the landscape of m6A regulators and build a prognostic gene signature in UCEC. In this study, we first analyzed copy number variations (CNVs), single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and gene expression profiles as well as matched clinical information of UCEC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Next, we determined that CNVs in m6A regulatory genes had a significant negative impact on patient survival. The mRNA expression levels of a total of 16 m6A regulators were significantly correlated with different CNV patterns. Using univariate Cox regression analysis, IGF2BP1, KIAA1429, IGF2BP3, YTHDF3, and IGF2BP2 were found to be closely associated with UCEC patient survival outcomes. Based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression models, we built a 3-gene (IGF2BP3, KIAA1429 and IGF2BP1) signature of m6A regulators with prognostic value in UCEC that could effectively predict patient prognosis (log-rank test p-value < 0.0001). In addition, risk scores were significantly different between patients stratified by tumor stage, SNV, and CNV. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that risk score might be an independent prognostic indicator for the overall survival of patients with UCEC (p-value < 0.05). Gene enrichment analysis indicated that high IGF2BP1 gene expression is associated with cytoplasmic stress granules. KIAA1429 gene expression is associated with cellular nucleic acid metabolism. The expression of the IGF2BP3 gene is associated with RNA binding processes. In conclusion, we determined that genetic alterations in m6A regulatory genes could be effective and reliable biomarkers for UCEC prognosis prediction.

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Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2018

Cited by 31 publications

References 69 publications

Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers

Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers

Immune disorder in endometrial cancer: Immunosuppressive microenvironment, mechanisms of immune evasion and immunotherapy (Review)

Multiomics profile and prognostic gene signature of m6A regulators in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma

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