Major considerations of minimally invasive surgery in bucomaxillofacial procedures: quality of life and aesthetics

Abstract

Introduction: In minimally invasive or atraumatic surgery or dental procedures, there are several clinical studies with increasing expectations to establish treatment guidelines. It is estimated that in minimally invasive dental surgery in general, synthesis studies with meta-analysis and decision analysis represent almost 29% of all studies. Objective: Demonstrate, through a systematic review of the literature, the evolution and consequent importance of improving surgical techniques and/or minimally invasive treatments in dentistry. It was hypothesized that there were statistically significant results on advances in the attempt to minimize trauma, providing quality of life and better aesthetics to patients. Methods: The present study was followed by a systematic review model (PRISMA). The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The Cochrane Instrument was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. Results: The total of 92 articles involving minimally invasive surgery and dentistry were found. A total of 54 articles were fully evaluated and 23 were included in the present study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 3 studies with a high risk of bias (studies with small sample size) and 2 studies with uncertain risk (studies with results without statistical significance). Since the most primordial extraction techniques were created and developed, several attempts have been made to minimize the professional's effort, reduce surgical time and alleviate bleeding and the inflammatory processes, edema, pain, and ecchymosis that can affect patients, in trans and postoperative periods. Thus, the maximum preservation of the integrity of the soft tissues (papillae and free and inserted gingival band) adjacent to the prosthetic spaces should be sought; preservation of the alveolar bone ridge level. Based on the histological concept in which living tissues are formed by cells joined by thin elastic tissue and with nerve fibrils, capillaries, lymphatic and blood vessels. The disruption of these cells by surgical trauma provides the release of enzymes that delay healing. For this reason, surgical trauma should be minimized. Conclusion: There are many attempts to minimize the professional effort, reduce surgical time and alleviate bleeding and inflammatory processes, edema, pain, and ecchymosis that can affect patients. Thus, the maximum preservation of the integrity of the soft tissues adjacent to the prosthetic spaces and the preservation of the level of the ridge of the alveolar bone to achieve a minimization of surgical trauma must be sought.