Major earthquakes and tsunamis in Chile during the period 1535 to 1955

Lomnitz, Cinna

doi:10.1007/bf02042278

Cited by 228 publications

(215 citation statements)

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“…The Arauco-Nahuelbuta forearc is located within the overlapping rupture zone of the 1960 Valdivia (M W 9.5) and the 1835 Concepción (M ∼ 8.5) megathrust earthquakes (Lomnitz, 1970;Lomnitz, 2004). Temporary seismological networks of the ISSA (Integrated Seismological experiment in the Southern Andes) and TIPTEQ (from The Incoming Plate to mega-Thrust EarthQuake processes) projects observed seismic events in the region during , respectively (Bohm et al, 2002Bruhn, 2003;Haberland et al, 2006).…”

Section: Seismicity Neotectonics and Deformation At The Arauco Penimentioning

confidence: 99%

Forearc uplift rates deduced from sediment cores of two coastal lakes in south-central Chile

et al. 2010

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The present paper introduces a new approach for deriving information about local forearc tectonics and related uplift rates based on the study of lake sediments. We investigated two coastal lakes at the south-central Chile margin, lakes Lanalhue and Lleu Lleu, located south of the Arauco Peninsula (38°S). Both lakes developed within the valleys of ancient rivers that once drained to the Pacific Ocean, being subsequently dammed by rising sills in the late Pleistocene/early Holocene. Seismic profiling and sedimentological analyses of cores from both lakes revealed similar successions consisting of marine to brackish sediments covered by lacustrine deposits. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the marine-lacustrine transition occurred at 8 ka and 8.15 ka, respectively. The correlation of this transition with global sea-level curves allowed the calculation of local uplift rates for the Holocene. Uplift rates for the lake basins amount to 0.42 ± 0.71 and 0.49 ± 0.44 mm/a, respectively, which are consistent with rates determined from a late Pleistocene marine terrace in the area. However, conspicuously higher, though likely transient, vertical movements at 8.83 ± 2.7 mm/a and 11.36 ±1.77 mm/a, respectively, were calculated for the sills that block both lakes nowadays. These barriers are interpreted to be the surface expression of a blind reverse fault associated to the Morguilla fault system, a seismically-active structure that controls uplift and folding along the adjacent Arauco Peninsula.

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Section: Seismicity Neotectonics and Deformation At The Arauco Penimentioning

confidence: 99%

Forearc uplift rates deduced from sediment cores of two coastal lakes in south-central Chile

et al. 2010

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“…La sugerencia de una fuente intraplaca cortical para el evento de 1647 no es nueva. Lomnitz (1970) propone una falla asociada a la Cordillera de la costa, estimando un epicentro a 80 km de Santiago. Posteriormente, el mismo Lomnitz (1983) revisita los principales argumentos dados previamente y propone un epicentro en la costa o mar adentro, sugiriendo una fuente en la interplaca.…”

Section: La Catástrofe De 1647 Como Un Terremoto Intraplacaunclassified

“…El terremoto de Chillán del 24 de enero de 1939 (M 7.8) es el más catastrófi co ejemplo conocido de este tipo de sismos. Con una fuente intraplaca, al interior de la placa de Nazca y a una profundidad intermedia (Campos & Kausel, 1990, Beck et al, 1998Campos et al, 2002), produjo aproximadamente 30.000 víctimas fatales, más que cualquier otro terremoto en toda la historia de Chile (Lomnitz, 1970).…”

Section: La Catástrofe De 1647 Como Un Terremoto Intraplacaunclassified

“…El caso más representativo de terremoto cortical de Chile central, Las Melosas en 1958 (M 6.9), generó efectos evidentes en un radio muy limitado alrededor de su zona epicentral (Lomnitz, 1961). En cambio, el terremoto de Chillán produjo daños a lo largo de 230 km, entre Linares (35,8°) y Los Angeles (37,5°; Lomnitz, 1970). De este modo, es probable que el terremoto de 1647 haya tenido su fuente en la misma zona sismogénica que la tuvo el terremoto de Chillán de 1939.…”

Section: La Catástrofe De 1647 Como Un Terremoto Intraplacaunclassified

“…Los eventos que han sido asignados a esta secuencia ocurrieron en 1575, 1647, 1730, 1822, 1906 y 1985, generando un intervalo promedio de ~80 años (Lomnitz, 1970;Kelleher, 1972;Comte et al, 1986;Beck et al, 1998;Barrientos, 2007). Esta regularidad se explicaría simplís-ticamente aplicando la teoría de la deformación elástica de las placas (Reid, 1910) a la zona de subducción de Chile central (Figura 1).…”

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El terremoto de 1647 de Chile central como un evento intraplaca: ¿otra amenaza para Chile metropolitano?

Cisternas

2012

Rev. geogr. Norte Gd.

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RESUMENEl terremoto del 13 de mayo de 1647, la mayor catástrofe en la historia colonial de Chile central, es considerado como el segundo evento de la secuencia de terremotos interplaca que ha ocurrido con una sorprendente regularidad en esta parte de Chile. Sin embargo, el análisis histórico realizado sugiere que este terremoto, además de generar un enérgico y extenso sacudimiento en el valle central, no habría producido un tsunami. Ambas características podrían signifi car que se trató de un evento tipo intraplaca, originado superfi cialmente en la placa continental o profundo en la de Nazca. Los efectos reportados se asemejan más a los del terremoto de Chillán de 1939, un evento intraplaca de profundidad intermedia que aunque no produjo un tsunami generó grandes intensidades en el valle central y una enorme cantidad de víctimas. Si el terremoto de 1647 fue intraplaca, se plantea un problemático escenario de riesgo para la región más poblada del país.Palabras clave: Terremoto de 1647, terremoto intraplaca, sismología histórica, Chile central. ABSTRACTThe May 13, 1647 earthquake, the larger catastrophe in the colonial history of central Chile, is considered as the second event of the inter-plate earthquakes series that has occurred at regular intervals in this part of Chile. However, this historical analysis suggests this earthquake, besides generating a strong and widespread shaking in the central valley, did not produced a tsunami. Both features could imply it was an intra-plate event, sourced in the surface of the continental plate or deeper in the Nazca plate. The reported effects resemble those from the 1939 Chillan earthquake, a middle-depth intra-plate event that although it did not produce a tsunami it does generated large intensities in the central valley and a huge number of victims. If the 1647 earthquake was intra-plate, a problematic risk scenario is set for the most populated region of the country.

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Lacustrine turbidites as a tool for quantitative earthquake reconstruction: New evidence for a variable rupture mode in south central Chile

et al. 2014

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Understanding the long-term earthquake recurrence pattern at subduction zones requires continuous paleoseismic records with excellent temporal and spatial resolution and stable threshold conditions. South central Chilean lakes are typically characterized by laminated sediments providing a quasi-annual resolution. Our sedimentary data show that lacustrine turbidite sequences accurately reflect the historical record of large interplate earthquakes (among others the 2010 and 1960 events). Furthermore, we found that a turbidite's spatial extent and thickness are a function of the local seismic intensity and can be used for reconstructing paleo-intensities. Consequently, our multilake turbidite record aids in pinpointing magnitudes, rupture locations, and extent of past subduction earthquakes in south central Chile. Comparison of the lacustrine turbidite records with historical reports, a paleotsunami/subsidence record, and a marine megaturbidite record demonstrates that the Valdivia Segment is characterized by a variable rupture mode over the last 900 years including (i) full ruptures (M w~9 .5: 1960, 1575, 1319 ± 9, 1127 ± 44), (ii) ruptures covering half of the Valdivia Segment (M w~9 : 1837), and (iii) partial ruptures of much smaller coseismic slip and extent (M w~7 .5-8: 1737, 1466 ± 4). Also, distant or smaller local earthquakes can leave a specific sedimentary imprint which may resolve subtle differences in seismic intensity values. For instance, the 2010 event at the Maule Segment produced higher seismic intensities toward southeastern localities compared to previous megathrust ruptures of similar size and extent near Concepciόn.

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Major earthquakes and tsunamis in Chile during the period 1535 to 1955

Cited by 228 publications

References 2 publications

Forearc uplift rates deduced from sediment cores of two coastal lakes in south-central Chile

Forearc uplift rates deduced from sediment cores of two coastal lakes in south-central Chile

El terremoto de 1647 de Chile central como un evento intraplaca: ¿otra amenaza para Chile metropolitano?

Lacustrine turbidites as a tool for quantitative earthquake reconstruction: New evidence for a variable rupture mode in south central Chile

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