Major histocompatibility antigen expression on the bovine placenta: its relationship to abnormal pregnancies and retained placenta

Davies, Christopher J.; Hill, Jonathan R.; Edwards, J. L.; Schrick, F. N.; Fisher, Patti J.; Eldridge, Jennifer A.; Schlafer, Donald H.

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.05.016

Cited by 91 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Interestingly, in dairy cattle MX2 gene expression also is increased in peripheral blood leukocytes between days 16 and 20 of pregnancy, suggesting that the innate immune system is activated during early pregnancy (25). These results suggest that immune responses of the endometrium to the SCNTderived conceptus may be dysregulated, and such dysregulation has been suggested as a major cause of inadequate placentome development that leads to immune-mediated abortion in cloned pregnancies (26). Indeed, MHC1 is overexpressed in SCNT-derived blastocysts and placentas (26,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

The endometrium responds differently to cloned versus fertilized embryos

Bauersachs

Ulbrich

Zakhartchenko³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

192

144

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Although somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cloning is more efficient in cattle than in any other species tested so far, there is a high rate of pregnancy failure that has been linked to structural and functional abnormalities of the placenta. We tested the hypothesis that these changes may originate from disturbed embryo-maternal interactions in the peri-implantation period. Therefore, we evaluated the response of the endometrium to SCNT embryos (produced from 7 different fetal fibroblast cell lines) as compared with embryos derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF). SCNT embryos and IVF embryos were cultured under identical conditions to the blastocyst stage (day 7) and were transferred to corresponding recipients, which were slaughtered at day 18 of pregnancy. The mRNA profiles of endometrium samples were obtained using a custom cDNA microarray enriched for transcripts differentially expressed in the endometrium and/or oviduct epithelium during the estrous cycle and/or early pregnancy. Overall, the variation in mRNA profiles was greater in the SCNT group than in the IVF group. Furthermore, 58 transcripts were differentially abundant in endometria from SCNT and IVF pregnancies. Prominent examples are orphan nuclear receptor COUP-TFII and connexin 43, both known to play important roles in uterine receptivity and conceptus placentation. These findings suggest that placental failure in bovine clone pregnancies may originate from abnormal embryomaternal communication that develops during the peri-implantation period. Endometrium transcriptome profiles may serve as a tool to evaluate SCNT embryos for their ability to establish pregnancy and develop a functional placenta.Bos taurus ͉ cloning ͉ early pregnancy ͉ gene expression ͉ microarray C loning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) (1) is an important strategic tool for animal breeding and biotechnology. For example, animals carrying rare desired alleles can be multiplied to introduce the desired allele into the breeding population. The life span and capacity of valuable breeding animals and the physiologically limited number of offspring of female animals can be increased, thus enhancing selection intensity. Moreover, cloning allows the propagation of desired genotypes without the risk of genetic recombination that is inherent to sexual reproduction. In animal biotechnology, SCNT using genetically modified donor cells is a powerful approach for the generation of transgenic animals (2) and so far is the only technique facilitating targeted mutagenesis in livestock species (3). Moreover, cloning can be used to multiply transgenic animals and to propagate multitransgenic individuals without segregation of the individual transgenes.Despite the plethora of important applications of cloning, the efficiency of this technology still is very low. Although SCNT is more efficient in cattle than in any other species tested so far, a recent survey covering the results of bovine cloning in Brazil, Argentina, and the United States over a 5-year period revealed that only 9...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

The endometrium responds differently to cloned versus fertilized embryos

Bauersachs

Ulbrich

Zakhartchenko³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

192

144

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“…Another concept forwarded is that placental release may be an immune-mediated event, and the hypothesis was developed that at the end of gestation the placenta becomes a foreign body due to the cessation of blood supply (Gunnink 1984a(Gunnink , 1984b or the expression of paternal antigens (Joosten et al 1991, Joosten & Hensen 1992, Davies et al 2000, 2004. Correspondingly, it has been reported that MHC class I compatibility between dam and calf increases the risk of RFM (Joosten et al 1991).…”

Section: Initiation Of Parturition In Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations into the mechanisms controlling parturition in cattle

Shenavai

Preissing²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 2012

Reproduction

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A pronounced increase in fetal cortisol concentrations stimulating an increase in estrogen production at the expense of progesterone precursors in the placenta, luteolysis, and progesterone withdrawal is considered as a key event during the complex signal cascade leading to the initiation of parturition in cattle. However, there are many questions concerning the exact functional and/or temporal relationships between these individual processes which finally result in the expulsion of the calf and the timely release of the placenta. Thus, parturition was induced in 270-day pregnant cows using the progesterone receptor blocker aglepristone (group AG, nZ3), the prostaglandin F 2a analog cloprostenol (group PG, nZ4), and the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (group GC, nZ4) to characterize the effect on maternal steroid and prostaglandin levels and to identify immediate subsequent changes in placental morphology and gene expression as compared with untreated controls sampled on day 272 (group D272, nZ3) and cows during normal parturition (group NT, nZ4). All calves of the treatment groups were born on days 271-272, whereas gestational length in NT cows was 280.5G1.3 days. However, none of the treatments significantly induced the prepartal remodeling of placentomes characterized by a decline in trophoblast giant cells and reduction of the caruncular epithelium. Data on placental CYP17 and COX2 expression confirm that these key enzymes are upregulated by GC, whereas placental aromatase expression was not affected by any treatment. Maternal progesterone and prostaglandin profiles suggest differential effects of the treatments on luteal function and placental or uterine prostaglandin production. The results provide new information on the initiation of parturition in cattle but raise many new questions.

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“…99 A final possibility is that abnormalities associated with SCNT cloning might lead to immunologic rejection of the conceptus. 21,45 In a normal bovine pregnancy, major histocompatibility complex class I is expressed by the fifth month in the interplacentomal regions. 21 However, major histocompatibility complex class I was expressed in trophoblasts of bovine SCNT placentae at 35 days of gestation with normal trophoblastic and vascular architecture but 50% embryo mortality.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,45 In a normal bovine pregnancy, major histocompatibility complex class I is expressed by the fifth month in the interplacentomal regions. 21 However, major histocompatibility complex class I was expressed in trophoblasts of bovine SCNT placentae at 35 days of gestation with normal trophoblastic and vascular architecture but 50% embryo mortality. Moreover, the endometrium contained a higher number of diffusely spread subepithelial CD3 + T lymphocytes and larger lymphocyte aggregates in the intercotyledonary and cotyledonary stroma than controls, suggesting a detrimental maternal immune response.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Paper: A Review of the Pathology of Abnormal Placentae of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Clone Pregnancies in Cattle, Sheep, and Mice

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Cloning of cattle, sheep, and mice by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) can result in apparently healthy offspring, but the probability of a successful and complete pregnancy is less than 5%. Failures of SCNT pregnancy are associated with placental abnormalities, such as placentomegaly, reduced vascularisation, hypoplasia of trophoblastic epithelium, and altered basement membrane. The pathogenesis of these changes is poorly understood, but current evidence implicates aberrant reprogramming of donor nuclei by the recipient oocyte cytoplast, resulting in epigenetic modifications of key regulatory genes essential for normal placental development. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the anatomic pathology of abnormal placentae of SCNT clones and to summarize current knowledge concerning underlying pathogenetic mechanisms.

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Major histocompatibility antigen expression on the bovine placenta: its relationship to abnormal pregnancies and retained placenta

Cited by 91 publications

References 62 publications

The endometrium responds differently to cloned versus fertilized embryos

The endometrium responds differently to cloned versus fertilized embryos

Investigations into the mechanisms controlling parturition in cattle

Review Paper: A Review of the Pathology of Abnormal Placentae of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Clone Pregnancies in Cattle, Sheep, and Mice

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