Major hydrogeochemical processes controlling the composition of geothermal waters in the Kangding geothermal field, western Sichuan Province

Li, Jiexiang; Guang, Yang; Sagoe, Gideon; Li, Yilian

doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2018.04.008

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Hydrochemical parameters including pH and major ions were used for principal component analysis, which is helpful for tracing the sources of those ions [16,17]. The results of the principal component analysis include eigenvalue, percentage of variance, the cumulative percentage of variance, and the factor loading, presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Principle Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geothermal springs are primarily found in the Yalabamei, Zhonggu, Erdaoqiao, and Yulingong geothermal areas of the XFZ (Figure 1c). Up to now, previous studies have interpreted the genesis of geothermal springs in the Erdaoqiao and Yulingong geothermal areas using geophysical and geochemical methods [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. However, only a few previous investigations analyzed the geothermal springs in the Yalabamei and Zhonggu geothermal areas [25], and thus the conceptual model of the geothermal system is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China

Huang

Liao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Abundant geothermal waters have been reported in the Yalabamei, Zhonggu, Erdaoqiao, and Yulingong geothermal areas of the Xianshuihe Fault Zone of western Sichuan, southwestern China. This study focused on the hydrogeochemical evolution, reservoir temperature, and recharge origin of geothermal waters using hydrochemical and deuterium-oxygen (D-O) isotopic studies. Shallow geothermal waters represented by geothermal springs and shallow drilled water wells are divided into two hydrochemical groups: (1) the Ca–Na–HCO3 type in the Erdaoqiao area, and (2) Na–HCO3 in other areas. Deep geothermal waters represented by deep drilled wells are characterized by the Na–Cl–HCO3 type. The major ionic compositions of geothermal water are primarily determined by the water–rock interaction with silicate and carbonate minerals. The reservoir temperatures estimated by multi-geothermometries have a range of 63–150 °C for shallow geothermal water and of 190–210 °C for deep geothermal water, respectively. The δ18O and δD compositions indicated geothermal waters are recharged by meteoric water from the elevation of 2923–5162 m. Based on the aforementioned analyses above, a conceptual model was constructed for the geothermal system in the Xianshuihe fault zone.

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Section: Principle Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China

Huang

Liao

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The variation in the geochemical component of thermal water is considered a key element in volcanic activity [1][2][3]. Based on the water chemistry of springs, we can determine the origin of thermal water [4,5], the degree of mixing between the thermal fluid and shallow groundwater [6,7], migration of the geothermal water [8,9], evaluate the geothermal potential [10,11], and establish a conceptual model of the thermal system [12][13][14]. Moreover, there are studies investigating the reservoir temperature through hydrogeochemistry in Mexico, Spain, and China [2,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Controlling of Thermal Water Hydrogeochemical Characteristics in Tatun Volcano Group, Taiwan

Hsu

Yeh

2020

Water

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The Tatun geothermal system is located in Northern Taiwan and is hosted by the Tatun volcano group (TVG). The variation in the geochemical composition of thermal waters is considered to be an important indicator of volcanic activity. In this study, we analyzed the chemical and isotopic compositions of hot springs in the TVG. A chemical and multicomponent geothermometer was used to estimate the reservoir temperature, and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes were used to determine the source of the thermal water. The presence of thick andesite and fractures allowed the formation of different type of springs in the center close each other with lower temperatures and acidic springs with higher temperatures at the northeast and southwest sides of the Tatun geothermal field. The saturation index showed that the concentration of SiO2 in the thermal water was controlled by quartz. The multicomponent geothermometer indicated a reservoir temperature between 130 °C and 190 °C, and the geothermal water in Longfengku, Lengshniken, Matsao and Szehuangping may have mixed with shallow groundwater. Isotope data indicated that the stream water and groundwater originated from meteoric water, and the spring water showed a significant oxygen shift, due to water–rock interaction and evaporation. The isotopes of the fluid in the TVG are also affected by the seasonal monsoon. These results can serve as a reference for designing a conceptual model of the spring in the Tatun geothermal system.

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“…The enthalpy of the hot water in the zone of mixing is less than the enthalpy of the hot water at depth owing to the escape of steam during ascent. Therefore, the appropriate reservoir temperature and Cl − concentrations of the deep geothermal fluids can be evaluated by the Cl-enthalpy mixing model [6,82]. Several simplifying assumptions are made when applying the Cl-enthalpy mixing model.…”

Section: Cl-enthalpy Mixing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Geothermal Water from the Ganzi Geothermal Field, Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Fan

Pang

Liao

et al. 2019

Water

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The Ganzi geothermal field, located in the eastern sector of the Himalayan geothermal belt, is full of high-temperature surface manifestations. However, the geothermal potential has not been assessed so far. The hydrochemical and gas isotopic characteristics have been investigated in this study to determine the geochemical processes involved in the formation of the geothermal water. On the basis of δ18O and δD values, the geothermal waters originate from snow and glacier melt water. The water chemistry type is dominated by HCO3-Na, which is mainly derived from water-CO2-silicate interactions, as also indicated by the 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.714098–0.716888). Based on Cl-enthalpy mixing model, the chloride concentration of the deep geothermal fluid is 37 mg/L, which is lower than that of the existing magmatic heat source area. The estimated reservoir temperature ranges from 180–210 °C. Carbon isotope data demonstrate that the CO2 mainly originates from marine limestone metamorphism, with a fraction of 74–86%. The helium isotope ratio is 0.17–0.39 Ra, indicating that the He mainly comes from atmospheric and crustal sources, and no more than 5% comes from a mantle source. According to this evidence, we propose that there is no magmatic heat source below the Ganzi geothermal field, making it a distinctive type of high-temperature geothermal system on the Tibetan Plateau.

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Major hydrogeochemical processes controlling the composition of geothermal waters in the Kangding geothermal field, western Sichuan Province

Cited by 39 publications

References 24 publications

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Conceptual Model of the Geothermal Waters in the Xianshuihe Fault Zone, Southwestern China

Factors Controlling of Thermal Water Hydrogeochemical Characteristics in Tatun Volcano Group, Taiwan

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Geothermal Water from the Ganzi Geothermal Field, Eastern Tibetan Plateau

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