Major Occurrences of Elevated Arsenic in Groundwater and Other Natural Waters

Mukherjee, Abhijit; Fryar, Alan E.; O’Shea, Bethany

doi:10.1002/9780470741122.ch6

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(270 reference statements)

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“…The first occurrence of arsenic concentration exceeding 50 μg/L (national permissible limit for arsenic in drinking water in both Bangladesh and West Bengal) was discovered in some tube wells in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal in 1978 [9,10]. In 1993, the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Bangladesh first found high arsenic concentrations in the groundwater of Nawabganj, Bangladesh [3,11,12].…”

Section: The Threat Of Groundwater Arsenic To Public Health and Its Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1993, the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Bangladesh first found high arsenic concentrations in the groundwater of Nawabganj, Bangladesh [3,11,12]. Following this, arsenic was found in a number of other areas in West Bengal [9], as well as in Bangladesh. Kinniburgh et al [11] reported a rapid increase in arsenic concentrations around 1995, which is in coincidence to the explosion in the use of groundwater for irrigation.…”

Section: The Threat Of Groundwater Arsenic To Public Health and Its Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirty to thirty-five million and 77 million people are reported to be exposed to arsenic concentrations exceeding 50 and 10 μg/L, respectively, in Bangladesh, whereas in West Bengal about 15 and 50 million people are exposed to such high arsenic in drinking water, exceeding the 50 and 10 µg/L standards for arsenic, respectively [3,4,9,11,[13][14][15]. Smith et al [16] reported this to be 'the largest poisoning of a population in history'.…”

Section: The Threat Of Groundwater Arsenic To Public Health and Its Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a huge volume of literature reviews on arsenic [3,4,8,9]. But none of these individual reviews circumscribe all of the processes and phenomena that control the fate of arsenic within the aquifers of the Bengal basin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Groundwater Arsenic in the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh and India: from Source to Sink

2015

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The groundwater of the Bengal basin, in Bangladesh and West Bengal state of India, is found to be severely polluted by non-point sourced, geogenic arsenic (As), which has been regarded as the largest public health concern in the human history. The geomorphology and geology of the aquifers play very important role in the three dimensional existence of the As in the groundwater. The provenance of the groundwater As of Bengal basin may be hypothesized to be sourced to the Himalayan orogenic belt, where the contaminant might have originated by deep-seated tectono-magmatism and subsequently introduced to the surficial system by exhumation. Later, sedimentary processes transported the As-laden sediments from the orogenic belt to the peripheral foreland basin of Bengal where, under conducive biogeochemical environment, the As is released from the solid-phase to the circulating groundwater. Ferric hydroxides and pyrite are considered to be the two most important host minerals for As, although clay minerals may also act as important substrates for the sorbed As. The mobilized As then exists in the groundwater until a suitable geochemical sink is available. The mobilization process may be related to reductive-dissolution of metal oxides and hydroxides that exist in the unconsolidated sediments of the Bengal basin. Other mechanisms like pyrite oxidation, redox cycling in surficial soils, and competitive ion exchange are also accepted as potential mechanisms for arsenic mobilization, and multiple processes may simultaneously contribute to the mobilization of As. The processes are significantly complicated by redox disequilibria in the Bengal basin aquifers. These inorganic processes may have been significantly catalyzed and accentuated by microbially mediated activities. The tertiary source of groundwater As is the irrigation return flow from the agricultural fields.

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Section: The Threat Of Groundwater Arsenic To Public Health and Its Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Threat Of Groundwater Arsenic To Public Health and Its Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Threat Of Groundwater Arsenic To Public Health and Its Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Groundwater Arsenic in the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh and India: from Source to Sink

2015

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“…Holocene sediments are closely related to high arsenic in groundwater (Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002;Mukherjee et al, 2009). A binary map at 1 km resolution showing the Holocene sedimentary areas has been created from the information in the Geologic Map of Shanxi at 1:500,000 scale.…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the risk of arsenic contaminated groundwater in Shanxi Province, Northern China

Zhang

Rodríguez‐Lado

Johnson

et al. 2012

Environmental Pollution

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a b s t r a c tShanxi Province is one of the regions in northern China where endemic arsenicosis occurs. In this study, stepwise logistic regression was applied to analyze the statistical relationships of a dataset of arsenic (As) concentrations in groundwaters with some environmental explanatory parameters. Finally, a 2D spatial model showing the potential As-affected areas in this province was created. We identified topography, gravity, hydrologic parameters and remote sensing information as explanatory variables with high potential to predict high As risk areas. The model identifies correctly the already known endemic areas of arsenism. We estimate that the area at risk exceeding 10 mg L À1 As occupies approximately 8100 km 2 in 30 counties in the province.

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Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

Medeiros

Samelo

Silva

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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For the first time, juvenile toxicity of inorganic arsenic (As) was investigated in male rats, focusing on reproductive effects. As is a metalloid naturally occurring in the environment, being the inorganic forms the most toxics. Contaminated drinking water and agricultural products are the main prospectors of intoxication for general population. In the present study, Wistar male rats (21 days old) were distributed into three groups (n = 10/group): control (received vehiclefiltered drinking water), As1 (received AsNaO 2 at 0.01 mg L −1 ) and As2 (received AsNaO 2 at 10 mg L −1 ). The animals were euthanized on PND 53. Testicular damages increased in As1 and As2 compared to control (ie, presence of vacuolization, acidophilic cells, and epithelium degeneration). Testicular interstitium of As1 and As2 presented fluid's increase and intense inflammatory infiltration. In the epididymis there was reduction of sperm amount in the lumen, besides epithelium areas presenting cribriform aspect in As1 and As2, exfoliation of cells in the light (in As1) and vacuoles (in As2). In epididymis interstitium, inflammatory infiltrates were observed in initial segment of As1 and As2. AsNaO 2 changed immunolabeling pattern for androgen receptor in epididymis of As2, although serum testosterone levels was statistically comparable to control. Mass spectrometry revealed higher As concentrations in testis and epididymis of As2 compared to As1 and Control. These results indicate compromise of spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in AsNaO 2 -treated animals, possibly impairing sperm quality and fertility in long-term, even at low levels of exposure. Investigations about the reversibility of reproductive damages are necessary to better understand the mechanisms of As reproductive toxicity. K E Y W O R D Sexperimental study, histopathology, juvenile toxicity, metalloid 1 | INTRODUCTION Arsenic (As) is an element occurring naturally in the environment, chemically classified as metalloid. It can be found under organic and inorganic forms, being the inorganic the most toxic and prevalent in drinking water and aquatic environments. 1,2 The natural sources of As contamination in groundwater is often originated from the mobilization of natural deposits in rocks, sediments, soils, and geothermal water. 3 However, As contamination occurs mainly through a variety of anthropogenic activities, such as industry activity, copper smelting, As-bearing pesticides and herbicide and mining. 4 It is estimated that approximately 150 million people around the world are affected by increasing concentrations of As in drinking water. 5 In this concern, unintentional As exposure of populations from Bangladesh,

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Major Occurrences of Elevated Arsenic in Groundwater and Other Natural Waters

Cited by 35 publications

References 124 publications

A Review of Groundwater Arsenic in the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh and India: from Source to Sink

A Review of Groundwater Arsenic in the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh and India: from Source to Sink

Predicting the risk of arsenic contaminated groundwater in Shanxi Province, Northern China

Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats

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