Major pathogenic mechanisms in vascular dementia: Roles of cellular stress response and hormesis in neuroprotection

Calabrese, Vittorio; Giordano, James; Signorile, Anna; Ontario, Maria Laura; Castorina, Sergio; Pasquale, Concetta De; Eckert, Gunter P.; Calabrese, Edward J.

doi:10.1002/jnr.23925

Cited by 129 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 182 publications

(224 reference statements)

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“…Historically, these pathologies have been considered distinct from each other, even mutually exclusive (Iadecola, 2010; Roseberg et al, 2016; Erkinjutti and Gauthier, 2009). However there is a growing awareness of the similarities between the two illnesses, with a growing number of AD patients also exhibiting VCI pathology such as cerebrovascular lesions as well as reduced vascular reactivity and CBF (Calabrese et al, 2016; Binnewijzend et al, 2016; Cantin et al, 2011; Iadecola, 2016; Ruitenberg et al, 2005). While a causative relationship between the two pathologies is of debate, the Nun Study did highlight that of the participants who met the criteria of AD, those with ischemic lesions had poorer cognitive function than those with no brain lesions (Marchant et al, 2013; Wang et al, 2016; Snowdon et al, 1997).…”

Section: Cerebrovascular Pathology and Cytochrome P450 Eicosanoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome P450 eicosanoids in cerebrovascular function and disease

Davis

Liu

Alkayed

2017

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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Cytochrome P450 eicosanoids play important roles in brain function and disease through their complementary actions on cell-cell communications within the neurovascular unit (NVU) and mechanisms of brain injury. Epoxy- and hydroxyeicosanoids, respectively formed by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases and ω-hydroxylases, play opposing roles in cerebrovascular function and in pathological processes underlying neural injury, including ischemia, neuroinflammation and oxidative injury. P450 eicosanoids also contribute to cerebrovascular disease risk factors, including hypertension and diabetes. We summarize studies investigating the roles P450 eicosanoids in cerebrovascular physiology and disease to highlight the existing balance between these important lipid signaling molecules, as well as their roles in maintaining neurovascular homeostasis and in acute and chronic neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Section: Cerebrovascular Pathology and Cytochrome P450 Eicosanoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome P450 eicosanoids in cerebrovascular function and disease

Davis

Liu

Alkayed

2017

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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“…The latter is increasingly suggested by a number of studies to be profoundly associated with the pathogenesis and pathology of cognitive decline and dementia including AD and vascular dementia [5]. Indeed, neuroinflammation, microgliosis and mitochondrial dysfunction are commonly observed in the brain of subjects with AD and vascular dementia [12,13,14]. …”

Section: Cerebrovascular Integrity In Neurodegeneration Cognitivementioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants and Dementia Risk: Consideration through a Cerebrovascular Perspective

2016

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A number of natural and chemical compounds that exert anti-oxidative properties are demonstrated to be beneficial for brain and cognitive function, and some are reported to reduce the risk of dementia. However, the detailed mechanisms by which those anti-oxidative compounds show positive effects on cognition and dementia are still unclear. An emerging body of evidence suggests that the integrity of the cerebrovascular blood-brain barrier (BBB) is centrally involved in the onset and progression of cognitive impairment and dementia. While recent studies revealed that some anti-oxidative agents appear to be protective against the disruption of BBB integrity and structure, few studies considered the neuroprotective effects of antioxidants in the context of cerebrovascular integrity. Therefore, in this review, we examine the mechanistic insights of antioxidants as a pleiotropic agent for cognitive impairment and dementia through a cerebrovascular axis by primarily focusing on the current available data from physiological studies. Conclusively, there is a compelling body of evidence that suggest antioxidants may prevent cognitive decline and dementia by protecting the integrity and function of BBB and, indeed, further studies are needed to directly examine these effects in addition to underlying molecular mechanisms.

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“…The detrimental effects of social isolation on CVDs and related cognitive disorders have been discussed recently [49], and the role of vascular depression as a subtype of late-life depression and its relations to cerebrovascular disorders has been reviewed in a recent consensus report [45,50]. Psychosocial stressors have been shown to exacerbate disease-related morbidity and mortality [51].…”

Section: Risk Factors For Cvi/vadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The molecular mechanisms active in VaD and shared among almost all the dementia types include neuronal damage, BBB alterations, hypoxia, oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, neuroinfl ammation, neurodegeneration, etc., due to reduced brain perfusion, which contribute to and exacerbate the etiology and course of the disease [51,53]. These molecular links between VaD and AD have been discussed recently [54].…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Cvi/vadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Pathogenetic Concepts of Vascular Cognitive Impairment

Jellinger¹

2016

J Neurol Neurol Sci Disord

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The term vascular cognitive impairment designates a heterogenous group of disorders ranging from mild cognitive impairment to full-blown dementia -vascular dementia -resulting from cerebrovascular lesions involving various brain areas. Current clinical criteria show moderate sensitivity (50-56%) and variable specifi city (range 64-98%). The prevalence in autopsy series ranges from 0.03 to 58% (mean 8-15% in Western series, 22-35% in Japan). Major morphological types -multi-infarct and subcortical vascular encephalopathy, strategic infarct dementia, lacunar state, cortical granular atrophy (rare), and ischemic encephalopathy -are caused by atherosclerosis of major cerebral arteries and small vessel disease, resulting from systemic, cardiac and local vascular disease or cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Pathogenesis of vascular dementia is multifactorial, and pathophysiology affects brain areas and neurological networks involved in cognition, memory, behavior, and executive functions. Vascular brain injury in elderly persons often coexists with Alzheimer-type lesions and other pathologies resulting in mixed dementia. However, these lesions are also present in many non-demented elderly subjects. The heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, cerebrovascular pathology and their pathogenic factors result in limitations of the accuracy of diagnostic criteria for vascular dementia. Therefore, standardized and reproducible neuropathological criteria for the assessment of cerebrovascular lesions associated with cognitive impairment in order to elucidate contribution of cerebrovascular disease to cognitive impairment are urgently needed.

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Major pathogenic mechanisms in vascular dementia: Roles of cellular stress response and hormesis in neuroprotection

Cited by 129 publications

References 182 publications

Cytochrome P450 eicosanoids in cerebrovascular function and disease

Cytochrome P450 eicosanoids in cerebrovascular function and disease

Antioxidants and Dementia Risk: Consideration through a Cerebrovascular Perspective

Current Pathogenetic Concepts of Vascular Cognitive Impairment

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