Major Stressful Life Events and Risk of Developing Lung Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Jafri, Syed Hasan Raza; Ali, Faisal S.; Mollaeian, Arash; Hasan, Syed; Hussain, Rahat; Akkanti, Bindu; Williams, Jessica N.; Shoukier, Mahran; El-Osta, Hazem

doi:10.1177/1179554919835798

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The Jafri et al [49] study estimated the effect of major stressful life events on developing lung cancer using the Holmes and Rahe Life Event Questionnaire. The study was a case-control study matched for age, sex, and smoking status (but not for the duration of smoking exposure) with patients' median age of 64.1 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the relationship between stressful life events and occurrence of other cancer types, the inconsistency of the epidemiologic studies reviewed and equivocal findings of a dose-response association lead us to conclude no significant relationship, with the exception of the positive association with cervix and colon cancers [21], colorectal (only in North America), esophagus and lung cancers [17, 18, 49] or endometrial and colorectal cancers, where stress occurred as a protective factor [19]. Two review papers highlighted the significance of chronic stress, social isolation, and depression on cancer progression, but limited evidence in cancer initiation [16, 20], and one review [19] maintained PS may shorten survival time in a few cancer subtype of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering associations between stressful life events (death of loved ones, parents, spouse; daily life stress; marital separation; and self-containing suffering), depression, and specific types of cancer, all research articles noted increased risk factors, although one study [44] observed an increased risk among individuals with new depressive symptoms only and other authors [49] found an increase in the risk for stressful events in past 5 years (see Table 2). In addition, one study [36] reported increased mortality rates for self-perceived stress linked with poor health outcomes, financial troubles, occupational problems, or consequences of perceived stress for mortality, and the second study [41] found worse treatment adherence for all stages of gastric cancer in patients with psychological distress due to cancer diagnosis and treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological Stress and Cellular Aging in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Kruk

Aboul‐Enein

Bernstein

et al. 2019

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Background Epidemiological evidence continues to accumulate on the effect of psychosocial and behavioral factors in relation to cancer risk, progression, and mortality. Material and Methods This article presents the current evidence on the relationship between psychological stress and the risk of cancer and cellular aging process. Ten databases were searched to identify publications up to September 2019. References from retrieved articles were also reviewed. We included nine review papers and 26 cohort or case-control studies based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results Results of previously published review articles did not show consistent evidence for the association between cancer risk and psychological stress, while previous evidence is stronger regarding the role of chronic psychological stress on cancer growth and metastasis and aging. In seven observational studies, severe life events, anxiety, depression, insufficient social support perception, or avoiding coping strategy were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. For other specific types of cancer, 11 studies reported increased risk factors for stressful life events, and two others found increased mortality or a decline in treatment adherence. Conclusions Recent epidemiological evidence generally suggests psychosocial factors may be considered risk factors for specific types of cancer and play a key role in the cellular aging process. Understanding molecular mechanisms of the stress interaction is important in cancer management and prevention. The psychological stressors should be considered when developing or evaluating change in psychosocial practice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological Stress and Cellular Aging in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Kruk

Aboul‐Enein

Bernstein

et al. 2019

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…Secondhand smokers are also at risk for lung cancer [ 4 ]. It is estimated that approximately 15% of lung cancer cases are people that are light smokers or never smoked [ 10 ]; therefore, there are more risk factors associated with lung cancer other than smoking [ 11 ]. Fifteen percent (15%) of global lung cancer mortality is attributed to occupational risk factors such as asbestos and silica [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Mbeje

Ginindza

Jafta

2022

IJERPH

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The high incidence cancer rates are due to factors such as behavior, occupational exposures, genetics, environmental pollution and infections. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with lung cancer among patients seen in the public health facilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In this case-control study, 75 cases and 159 controls were interviewed using a structured close-ended questionnaire. Logistic regression showed a positive association between lung cancer and tobacco smoking (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.21–6.77) and exposure to passive smoke (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.48–7.30). When adjusted for other covariates, tobacco smoking and passive smoke were still positively associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Alcohol consumption (aORs ranging from 2.79 to 3.35) and history of lung disease (aORs ranging from 9.91 to 12.1) were statistically significantly associated with lung cancer. Our study suggests that tobacco smoke exposure is the major cause of lung cancer, and increased exposure to occupational and environmental carcinogenic substances, alcohol consumption and history of lung disease increase the risk of lung cancer. Based on our findings, policy development and planning of prevention strategies incorporating smoking legislations, occupational health and safety are essential in South Africa.

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“…Lung cancer patients experience stress from the very beginning of the illness. The uncertainty of their situation, frequent stays in hospital, and physical weakness increase psychological stress [26]. Hospitalization often gives rise to negative emotions which result from a large amount of information, often incomprehensible, received by patients [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social support as a moderator between the perception of the disease and stress level in lung cancer patients

Poręba-Chabros¹,

Mamcarz²,

Jurek³

2020

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction. Many studies attempt to explain the relationship between living in highly industrialized societies and the development of various diseases among people. Nowadays, the incidence of lung cancer is increasing worldwide. This is a highly stressful situation, both psychologically and physically. The study investigates the variable of social support and its moderating role between stress level and the perception of the disease among patients diagnosed with lung cancer. Objective. The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that there is a correlation between the subjective appraisal of one's disease and the level of stress, as well as the hypothesis that social support is a moderator between the perception of the disease and stress level in patients diagnosed with lung cancer. Materials and method. The study involved 97 respondents diagnosed with lung cancer -50 men and 47 women. The following methods were used for the study: the Disease-Related Appraisals Scale, the Disease-Related Social Support Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Socio-demographic data were also collected. Results. The results show that informational support may increase the level of perceived stress in lung cancer patients. It can be concluded that social support fulfils its moderating function in forming a stress response to cancer. A statistically significant moderating effect was observed of social support on the relationship between the appraisal of one's disease as harmful and the stress level. Conclusions. The research findings demonstrate that social support plays a substantial role. It is important to diagnose the individual specific needs of lung cancer patients concerning the support they need.

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Major Stressful Life Events and Risk of Developing Lung Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Psychological Stress and Cellular Aging in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Psychological Stress and Cellular Aging in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Social support as a moderator between the perception of the disease and stress level in lung cancer patients

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