Major upper gastrointestinal surgery is associated with an antigen-dependent proinflammatory T cell response

Abstract

Major surgery results in pan-T cell activation via a serum-mediated antigenic mechanism that is independent of Fas expression. Postoperative T cells are primed for an augmented proinflammatory response to superantigen, sustained for at least 1 week, implicating the adaptive immune system in the development of the postoperative systemic immunoinflammatory state.

Enteral Nutrition Enriched With Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Preserves Lean Body Mass Following Esophageal Cancer Surgery: Results of a Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

“…23,24 The operation is associated with a high risk of sepsis and organ dysfunction, and many patients have compromised health-related quality of life for several months. 6,25 Postoperative catabolism is common, frequently on a background of preoperative weight loss.…”

Fluid and electrolyte balance after major thoracic surgery by bioimpedance and endocrine evaluation

“…The acute stress response to major surgery can determine a severe inflammatory response syndrome and profound changes in the endocrine, neuroendocrine and immune system responses, as well as significant changes in organ function [16,17], leading to fluid retention [6,17,18]. Taken together, the net effect is an increased catabolism with increased substrate availability for energy production, and sodium and water retention to maintain fluid volume and haemodynamic stability [6,17].…”

Association of Hypoalbuminemia on the First Postoperative Day and Complications Following Esophagectomy

“…Numerous studies have looked at immune perturbations postoperatively as a predictor of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis 5 . Esophagectomy induces profound changes in the endocrine, neuroendocrine and immune system as well as significant changes in organ function 6 .…”