Majorana States in 2D Topological Superconductor Hosting Abrikosov Vortices

Influence of the orbital effects on the Majoranaquasi-particles in a nanowire

“…In some situations even when the s-wave superconducting pairing gap is nonzero, gapless edge states and zero-energy Majorana modes in vortex cores emerge [4][5][6]. It is possible in some range of parameters, when the system is in the topologically non-trivial phase [7][8][9][10]. Recent experiments performed in Bi 2 Te 3 /NbSe 2 heterostructure seem to confirm this hypothesis [11] by observation of the zero-bias peak in the tunneling differential conductance at the vortex center [12].…”

Aspects of topological superconductivity in 2D systems: noncollinear magnetism, skyrmions, and higher-order topology

“…First of all, it should be noted that if ∆ ± k are the real functions, then the BdG Hamiltonian (11) can easily be transformed to an off-diagonal view:…”

“…It is known that the effective time-reversal symmetry can be present in the exact 1D theoretical models similar to (11) even in the presence of the magnetic field (see for example [83,90,99,127,131,132]). Such an additional symmetry leads to the BDI class topological symmetry instead of the D class.…”

“…Usually, the differences in the topological features between two classes appear only when the long-range or even nextnearest electron hoppings and pairings are taken into account. Nevertheless, for the 2D system (11) the D class symmetry is believed to be implemented [93,100]. In the following, we will also focus on the chiral d-wave superconductivity breaking the time-reversal symmetry even in the absence of the magnetic field.…”

“…In quasi-1D quantum wires, MMs can be localized at the edges or inhomogeneities [8], while in 2D systems they can occur on superconducting [3,[9][10][11] or magnetic vortices [12] and corners [13] (see, also references below). In this case, the nonlocal structure of Majorana quasiparticles is the reason for their stability to local external perturbations.…”